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Table 3 Results of multivariable analysis comparing risk factors for infection with Plasmodium spp. (all species combined), P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae

From: Identification and characterization of areas of high and low risk for asymptomatic malaria infections at sub-village level in Ratanakiri, Cambodia

Variable

Level

Plasmodium spp.

P. falciparum

P. vivax

P. malariae

OR

LCL

UCL

OR

LCL

UCL

OR

LCL

UCL

OR

LCL

UCL

Village

 NA = 0

Chamkar Sann

Reference

    

Reference

 

Reference

 
 

Phi

1.689

1.011

2.822

   

1.110

0.547

2.252

2.237

0.966

5.179

 

Tun

2.084

1.223

3.552

   

3.006

1.525

5.927

*1

*1

*1

Age (years)

 NA = 8

0–5

Reference

    

Reference

 

Reference

 
 

6–14

3.243

1.618

6.501

   

3.679

1.538

8.803

6.946

0.861

56.003

 

≥ 15

2.342

1.210

4.533

   

3.116

1.251

7.763

7.203

0.944

54.937

Net use

 NA = 5

No

   

Reference

    

Reference

 
 

Yes, bed net

   

0.248

0.077

0.795

   

1.133

0.234

5.479

 

Yes, hammock net

   

*2

*2

*2

   

6.866

1.069

44.108

Plot hut owner

 NA = 6

No

      

Reference

    
 

Yes

      

0.543

0.293

1.007

   

Watch television

 NA = 6

Never/seldom

   

Reference

 

Reference

    
 

Often

   

0.383

0.166

0.883

1.858

0.948

3.642

   
  1. Odds ratio and upper and lower 95% confidence limits were calculated with respect to the reference category, which is the first reported subgroup. For the following variables, answer categories were pooled: age (age groups 15–40, and ≥ 40); net use (treated and non-treated net use); plot hut owner (all answers stating that they have a plothut); watch television (never and seldom watching television, and often and very often watching television)
  2. OR = Odds Ratio with respect to the reference category; LCL and UCL = lower and upper 95% confidence limits based on a total sample size of 1540 individuals from three villages; NA in variable column = number of individuals for which information concerning the specific variable was lacking
  3. *1: No P. malariae cases were observed in Tun, so only Phi was compared with the reference category
  4. *2: None of the participants reported to use a hammock net, only bed net use was compared with the reference category