Table 1 Parameters influencing the development of insecticide resistance

1. Effectiveness

Proportion of susceptible (SS) insects killed by exposure to insecticide

2. Exposure

Proportion of insects exposed to insecticide

3. Resistance restoration

Ability of resistance (RR) to restore fitness of insects exposed to insecticide

4. Dominance of resistance

Sets fitness of heterozygous (SR) insects between that of SS and RR in presence of insecticide

5. Frequency

Frequency of resistance alleles within the population

6. Cost of resistance

Reduction in fitness of resistant (RR) insects in absence of insecticide

7. Dominance of cost

Sets fitness of heterozygous (SR) insects between that of SS and RR in absence of insecticide