Table 4 Effect of inputs on the difference between mixture and sequential use
From: Insecticide resistance evolution with mixtures and sequences: a model-based explanation
Parameter to increase | Increase favours mix or sequence | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
1. Effectiveness | Mixture | Higher effectiveness gives faster resistance for sequence and slower resistance in mixture |
2. Exposure | Sequence | Higher exposure gives faster resistance for sequence and mixture but the greater effect on mixture favours sequence |
3. Dominance of resistance | Neither | Higher dominance gives faster resistance in both sequences and mixtures such that the difference between them is not changed |
4. Resistance restoration | Neither | As for dominance of resistance |
5. Frequency | Neither | As for dominance and resistance restoration |
6. Cost of resistance | Mixture | Higher costs slow the evolution of resistance more in a mixture than when used in sequence (but with higher costs in a sequence there is a greater chance for resistance levels to decline for the insecticide not being used) |