Table 2 Summary of point estimates characterizing the association of malaria risk with environmental factors

Adigun [39]

Nigeria

OR

Decadal rainfall (mm)

0.72 (0.57, 0. 91)

NDVI

1.56 (1.21, 1.99)

Bennett [40]

Zambia

OR

20 days rainfall (mm)

2.04 (1.38, 3.00)

EVI

1.98 (1.48, 2.65)

Chirombo [41]

Malawi

OR

Mean rainfall (mm/day)

NR

3 months min temp (°C)

NR

Dhimal [46]

Nepal

RR

Monthly min temp (°C)

1.27 (1.12, 1.45)

Diboulo [49]^a (National level)

Burkina Fasso

OR

8 days NLST (°C)

0.81 (0.72, 0.90)

Diboulo [49]^a (District level)

Burkina Fasso

OR

8 days NLST (°C)

0.82 (0.72, 0.93)

Giardina [42]

Senegal

OR

NDVI

0.91 (0.61, 1.83)

Weekly NLST (°C)

0.83 (0.53, 1.26)

Gosoniu [43]^b

Tanzania

OR

Annual average (15–20 mm)

0.97 (0.48, 1.90)

NDVI (0.4–0.6)

1.47 (0.88, 2.45)

Annual average night temp (16–20 °C)

1.47 (0.81, 2.73)

Gosoniu [43]^b

Tazania

OR

Annual average (20 mm)

1.43 (0.63, 3.14)

NDVI (0.6)

1.40 (0.67, 2.98)

Annual average night temp (20 °C)

1.31 (0.61, 2.81)

Graves [47]^c (Gash Barka

Zoba)

Eritrea

NS

Monthly precipitation (mm/day)

1.00

NDVI

4.73

Graves [47]^c (Anseba

Zoba)

Eritrea

NS

Monthly precipitation (mm/day)

1.00

NDVI

14 × 10³

Lowe [44]

Malawi

OR

Monthly precipitation (mm/day)

NR

Temp estimates (°C)

NR

Riedel [45]

Zambia

OR

Daily rainfall estimate (mm)

1.21 (0.85, 1.68)

NDVI

1.28 (0.67, 2.73)

8 days NLST (K)

1.21 (0.77, 1.88)

Thomson [48]

Gambia

NS

NDVI

0.67