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Table 1 Association between parasitaemia and fever

From: Clinical consequences of submicroscopic malaria parasitaemia in Uganda

 

No parasitaemia

Submicroscopic parasitaemia

Microscopic parasitaemia

Association between parasitaemia and fevera

 Age 0.5–< 2

  Risk

37/293 (12.6%)

16/120 (13.3%)

25/71 (35.2%)

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.02 (0.60–1.75)

2.72 (1.71–4.33)

  p value

0.08

< 0.01

 Age 2–< 5

  Risk

88/1158 (7.6%)

59/508 (11.6%)

81/393 (20.6%)

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.42 (1.03–1.98)

2.56 (1.93–3.37)

  p value

0.03

< 0.01

 Age 5–10

  Risk

86/2153 (4.0%)

93/1267 (7.34%)

146/1379 (10.6%)

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

2.01 (1.49–2.71)

2.93 (2.15–3.99)

  p value

< 0.01

< 0.01

 Age 0.5–10

  Risk

211/3604 (5.6%)

168/1895 (8.9%)

252/1843 (13.7%)

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.67 (1.37–2.03)

2.64 (2.16–3.22)

  p value

< 0.01

< 0.01

 Age ≥ 18

  Risk

50/948 (5.2%)

48/679 (7.1%)

8/106 (7.6%)

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.31 (0.23–0.85)

1.47 (0.70–3.06)

  p value

0.23

0.31

 

No parasitaemia

Submicroscopic parasitaemia

 

Association between parasitaemia and fever, excluding those with recent malariac

 Age 0.5–< 2

  Risk

37/284 (13.0%)

14/81 (17.3%)

 

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.32 (0.76–2.31)

 

  p value

0.33

 

 Age 2–< 5

  Risk

84/1100 (7.6%)

47/378 (12.4%)

 

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.52 (1.07–2.17)

 

  p value

0.02

 

 Age 5–10

  Risk

79/2034 (3.9%)

89/1161 (7.7%)

 

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.97 (1.48–2.63)

 

  p value

< 0.01

 

 Age 0.5–10

  Risk

200/3418 (5.9%)

150/1620 (9.3%)

 

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.64 (1.34–2.01)

 

  p value

< 0.01

 

 Age ≥ 18

  Risk

48/930 (5.2%)

47/672 (7.0%)

 

  RRb (95% CI)

Reference group

1.31 (0.85–2.05)

 

  p value

0.23

 
  1. aReported fever in prior 24 h or documented temperature of ≥ 38.0 °C at routine visit
  2. bAdjusted for repeated measures in the same study participant
  3. cExcludes participants who were diagnosed with malaria in the past 14 days or developed malaria in the next 7 days