Table 3 Association between pfk13 and pfmdr1 polymorphisms and late treatment failures observed during therapeutic efficacy studies in Angola, 2015, stratified by treatment arm
Genetic markers | Artemether–lumefantrine (28 late treatment failures) | Dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (15 late treatment failures) | Artesunate–amodiaquine (7 late treatment failures) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR†| P value††| P value†††| RR†| P value††| P value†††| RR†| P value††| P value†††| |
pfk13 | |||||||||
 Wild type | Ref | Ref | – | Ref | Ref | – | – | – | – |
 A578S | 0 | 1 | – | 0 | 1 | – | – | – | – |
pfmdr1 copy number | |||||||||
 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pfmdr1 haplotypes | |||||||||
 NYD | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 YYD | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.04 | 0 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 1 | 0.6 |
 NFD | 1.0 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.75 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 YFD | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | – | – | – |
 YYY | 0 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 0.1 |
 NYY | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 YFY | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pfmdr1 single nucleotide polymorphisms | |||||||||
 N86 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 86Y | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 |
 Y184 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 184F | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 D1246 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 1246Y | 0 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 0.07 |