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Table 1 Parasitological, demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the women whose peripheral and cord blood samples were assessed for cytokine and chemokine secretion following cell stimulation with Plasmodium falciparum lysate

From: High production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by maternal blood mononuclear cells is associated with reduced maternal malaria but increased cord blood infection

 

Peripheral blood samples (n = 172)

Cord blood samples (n = 174)

Placental infection

35 (20.3)a

35 (20.1)

Peripheral infection

31 (18)

30 (17.2)

Cord infection

6 (3.5)

6 (3.4)

Placental inflammation

9 (5.2)

9 (5.2)

Age

 15–20

60 (34.8)

61 (35.5)

 20–25

48 (27.9)

48 (27.6)

 > 25

64 (37.2)

65 (37.8)

Parity

 Primigravidae

48 (27.9)

47 (27)

Neighbourhood

 1

75 (43.6)

76 (43.7)

 2

97 (56.4)

98 (56.3)

ITN use

21 (12.2)

20 (11.5)

IRS use

81 (47.1)

86 (49.4)

Season

 Dry

77 (44.8)

77 (44.2)

Child group

 Control

61 (35.4)

58 (33.3)

 Late exposure

51 (29.6)

55 (31.6)

 Early exposure

60 (34.8)

61 (35.0)

  1. Numbers and percentages (in parenthesis) are shown
  2. Parasite densities (geometric mean, 95% CI) in infected women were: peripheral microscopy (n = 13) 41,364, 1585–81,144; peripheral qPCR (n = 29) 0.98, 0.28–3.43; placental parasitaemia 5.76, 0.73–45.42; cord qPCR 0.05, 0.01–0.15
  3. The combination between peripheral malaria vs placental malaria vs congenital malaria vs placental inflammation is shown in Additional file 1
  4. ITN insecticide-treated net, IRS indoor residual spraying
  5. aBy histology: 3 acute infections, 1 chronic infection, 31 past infections