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Table 1 Key to families of haemosporidian parasites

From: Keys to the avian malaria parasites

Step

Features and family

1 (4)

Merogony takes place in blood cells (Fig. 1c–f)

2 (3)

Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is present in blood stages (Fig. 1a–c)

…………………………………………… Plasmodiidaea

3 (2)

Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is absent from blood stages (Fig. 1d–f)

…………………………………………… Garniidaeb

4 (1)

Merogony (Fig. 1c–f) does not take place in blood cells. Only gametocytes (Fig. 1g–i) present in blood cells

5 (6)

Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is present in blood stages (Fig. 1a, b, g)

…………………………………………… Haemoproteidaec

6 (5)

Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is absent from blood stages (Fig. 1h, i)

…………………………………………… Leucocytozoidaed

  1. Main taxonomic features of families of the haemosporidian parasites [8]
  2. aMerogony takes place in cells of fixed tissues and blood cells of vertebrate hosts. Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is present in erythrocytic meronts and gametocytes. Sexual process and sporogony of bird parasites take place in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
  3. bMerogony takes place in cells of fixed tissues and blood cells of vertebrate hosts. Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is absent at all stages. Vectors are still unknown
  4. cMerogony takes place in cells of fixed tissues of vertebrate hosts. No merogony occurs in blood cells. Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is present in gametocytes. Sexual process and sporogony of bird parasites take place in louse flies (Hippoboscidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae)
  5. dMerogony takes place in cells of fixed tissues of vertebrate hosts. No merogony occurs in blood cells. Malarial pigment (hemozoin) is absent at all stages. Sexual process and sporogony take place in black flies (Simuliidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae)