Table 2 Hepatic expression of genes up-regulated by more than tenfold (p < 0.01) at Vd4 and by 100% more than at Nd4
Gene | Gene description | RefSeq ID | Vd4 vs. Vd0 | p value | Nd4 vs. Nd0 | p value | Function (annotated according to www.genecards.org) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mitosis | |||||||
 Bub1 | Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog | NM_009772 | 20.11 | 0.0049 | 5.88 | 0.0021 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs two crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment |
 Espl1 | Extra spindle poles-like 1 | NM_001014976 | 12.35 | 0.0013 | 4.98 | 0.0020 | Caspase-like protease, which plays a central role in the chromosome segregation by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex at the onset of anaphase |
 Mki67 | Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 | NM_001081117 | 13.08 | 0.0004 | 4.29 | 0.0014 | Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly |
 Mxd3 | Max dimerization protein 3 | NM_016662 | 10.52 | 0.0031 | 3.84 | 0.0066 | This gene encodes a member of the Myc superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcriptional regulators. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with the cofactor MAX which binds specific E-box DNA motifs in the promoters of target genes and regulates their transcription |
 Ndc80 | NDC80 homolog, kinetochore complex component | NM_023294 | 11.19 | 0.0004 | 4.74 | 0.0005 | Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity |
 Nusap1 | Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 | NM_133851 | 14.19 | 0.0002 | 4.89 | 0.0005 | NUSAP1 is a nucleolar-spindle-associated protein that plays a role in spindle microtubule organization |
 Plk1 | Polo-like kinase 1 | NM_011121 | 14.14 | 0.0035 | 4.13 | 0.0018 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis |
 Prc1 | Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 | NM_145150 | 15.38 | < 0.0001 | 4.28 | 0.0003 | The protein is present at high levels during the S and G2/M phases of mitosis but its levels drop dramatically when the cell exits mitosis and enters the G1 phase |
 Racgap1 | Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 | NM_001253809 | 12.67 | 0.0042 | 3.83 | 0.0003 | Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the cell cycle cytokinesis |
 Ska1 | Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1 | NM_025581 | 23.19 | 0.0004 | 5.46 | 0.0039 | Component of the SKA1 complex, a microtubule-binding subcomplex of the outer kinetochore that is essential for proper chromosome segregation |
 Ska3 | Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 | NM_198605 | 15.24 | 0.0027 | 4.68 | 0.0013 | This gene encodes a component of the spindle and kinetochore-associated protein complex that regulates microtubule attachment to the kinetochores during mitosis |
 Ticrr | TOPBP1-interacting checkpoint and replication regulator | NM_029835 | 14.22 | 0.0008 | 4.66 | 0.0093 | Regulator of DNA replication and S/M and G2/M checkpoints. Regulates the triggering of DNA replication initiation via its interaction with TOPBP1 by participating in CDK2-mediated loading of CDC45L onto replication origins |
 Tpx2 | TPX2, microtubule-associated protein homolog | NM_028109 | 16.11 | 0.0032 | 4.28 | 0.0011 | Spindle assembly factor required for normal assembly of mitotic spindles. Required for normal assembly of microtubules during apoptosis |
 Ube2c | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C | NM_026785 | 12.49 | < 0.0001 | 4.32 | 0.0010 | Essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis |
Cell cycle/cell signaling | |||||||
 Klrb1f | Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1F | NM_153094 | 10.63 | 0.0005 | 5.32 | 0.0003 | Plays an inhibitory role on natural killer (NK) cells cytotoxicity. Activation results in specific acid sphingomyelinase/SMPD1 stimulation with subsequent marked elevation of intracellular ceramide |
 Birc5 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 | NM_009689 | 16.68 | 0.0005 | 3.47 | 0.0006 | This gene is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, which encode negative regulatory proteins that prevent apoptotic cell death |
 Cd7 | CD7 antigen | NM_009854 | 13.52 | 0.0022 | 4.54 | 0.0005 | Plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development |
 Kif11 | Kinesin family member 11 | NM_010615 | 11.80 | 0.0065 | 3.62 | 0.0077 | Motor protein required for establishing a bipolar spindle during mitosis |
 Prr11 | Proline rich 11 | NM_175563 | 12.13 | 0.0001 | 4.52 | 0.0001 | Plays a critical role in cell cycle progression |
 Sapcd2 | Suppressor APC domain containing 2 | NM_001081085 | 11.96 | 0.0001 | 3.30 | 0.0040 | Plays a critical role in cell cycle progression |
Miscellaneous | |||||||
 Iqgap3 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 3 | NM_001033484 | 16.36 | 0.0002 | 3.88 | 0.0019 | Unknown |
 Raet1c | Retinoic acid early transcript gamma | NM_009018 | 15.69 | 0.0001 | 4.83 | 0.0011 | Unknown |