Fig. 3

Elevated plasma IL-10 during subclinical malaria. Plasma concentrations of (a) interferon gamma (γ) or (b) interleukin (IL-) 10 determined by cytokine bead array. Dot plots show individual patient parameters. Red lines represent medians. P-values for comparisons between uninfected and infected children at enrollment were determined by Mann–Whitney test. P-values for comparisons between infected children at days 1 and 35 were determined by Wilcoxon matched-pair test. ‘ns’ indicates P > 0.05. c–h For infected children, correlations were calculated using log-transformed data (combined D1 and D35). c Correlation between IFN-γ and IL-10. Further, parasite density (determined by qPCR) was correlated with (d) IL-10, (e) IFN-γ and (f) haem. Finally, correlations were determined between haem and both (g) IFN-γ, and (h) IL-10. Log-transformed data shown with linear regression line, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and p value; n = 45