Fig. 2

Pairwise invasibility plots for the host acceptability of cattle, \(\sigma _c\), with values ranging from 0 to 1 for different levels of host type abundance or encounter rates (\(\gamma _c, \gamma _h\)), when humans are more common than cattle (top row) or vice versa (bottom row). The black sections indicate areas where invaders have a positive growth rate (\(\vartheta > 0\)) for a resident population with trait value \(\sigma _c(r)\). The arrows below each panel indicate the direction in which host acceptability will evolve, depending on the initial value of \(\sigma _c(r)\)