A cross-sectional analysis of ITN and IRS coverage in Namibia in 2013

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Multivariable association between ITN ownership and exposures of interest, accounting for regional, enumeration area and household clustering in Namibia 2013 (n = 9842)

Exposures of interest	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Exposures of interest	Risk ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Risk ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Risk ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Residence
Urban	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Rural	2.04 (1.87–2.23)	< 0.001	1.17 (1.03–1.32)	0.017	1.32 (1.15–1.51)	< 0.001
Wealth quintile
Lowest	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Second	0.88 (0.78–0.99)	0.036	1.17 (1.03–1.32)	0.014	1.20 (1.06–1.36)	0.004
Middle	0.83 (0.74–0.93)	0.002	1.32 (1.16–1.51)	< 0.001	1.39 (1.21–1.58)	< 0.001
Fourth	0.64 (0.56–0.72)	< 0.001	1.36 (1.17–1.57)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.27–1.72)	< 0.001
Highest	0.42 (0.36–0.48)	< 0.001	1.29 (1.08–1.54)	0.005	1.49 (1.23–1.80)	< 0.001
Regional PfPR_2–10 (%)
< 1	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
1 to < 5	6.39 (5.46–7.48)	< 0.001	5.96 (2.94–12.12)	< 0.001	5.92 (2.83–12.38)	< 0.001
> 5	5.26 (4.56–6.07)	< 0.001	5.36 (3.19–9.02)	< 0.001	5.32 (3.09–9.16)	< 0.001

Model 1, univariable association between exposures of interest and ITN coverage; Model 2, adjusted for regional and enumeration area clustering; Model 3, additionally adjusted for all other exposures of interest in the table; PfPR_2–10, Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate in those aged 2–10 years; ITN, insecticide-treated net