Fig. 4

The effects of differing immunity on time to confirmed partial resistance (as measured by the time from mutant strain introduction until ≥ 5% of patients carry parasites with K13 mutation and a slow-clearing phenotype). The relationship between prevalence and time to confirmed partial resistance classification as the effects of immunity are increased/decreased in 1% relative increments for: wild-type transmission from mosquitoes to humans (top-left, from base values of 25%/50% for individuals with low/high immunity [42, 43]); mutant transmission from mosquitoes to humans (top-right, from base values of 25%/50% for individuals with low/high immunity [42, 43]); wild-type transmission from humans to mosquitoes (bottom-left, from base values of 40%/80% for individuals with low/high immunity [44]); and mutant transmission from humans to mosquitoes (bottom-right, from base values of 40%/80% for individuals with low/high immunity [44])