Table 2 Travel history and other behaviours among cases and controls in villages around Lake Tana, Ethiopia, October 2016–June 2017
Characteristic | Malaria cases (n = 303) n, % (95% CI) | Controls (n = 303) n, % (95% CI) | Total n, % (95% CI) | Pearson’s X2/Fisher’s exact test** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Travel to malarious lowlandsa | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 59, 19.5 (15.4–24.3) | 24, 7.9 (5.4–11.6) | 83, 13.7 (11.2–16.7) | |
No | 244, 80.5 (75.7–84.6) | 279, 92.1 (88.4–94.6) | 523, 86.3 (83.3–88.8) | |
Frequency of travel to malarious lowlands (n = 83) | 0.714 | |||
One time | 53, 89.8 (78.7–95.5) | 21, 87.5 (65.5–96.3) | 74, 89.2 (80.2–94.3) | |
Two or three times | 6, 10.2 (4.5–21.3) | 3, 12.5 (3.7–34.5) | 9, 10.8 (5.7–19.8) | |
Regular LLIN use during travels (n = 83) | 1.000 | |||
Yes | 3, 5.1 (1.6–15.1) | 1, 4.2 (0.5–27.3) | 4, 4.8 (1.8–12.4) | |
No | 56, 94.9 (84.9–98.4) | 23, 95.8 (72.7–99.5) | 79, 95.2 (87.6–98.2) | |
Reason for travel (n = 83) | 1.000 | |||
To work temporarily/job seeking | 53, 89.8 (78.7–95.5) | 22, 91.7 (69.8–98.1) | 75, 90.4 (81.7–95.2) | |
Othersb | 6, 10.2 (4.5–21.3) | 2, 8.3 (1.9–30.2) | 8, 9.6 (4.8–18.3) | |
Travel history within the study areaa | 0.037 | |||
Yes | 95, 31.4 (26.4–36.8) | 72, 23.8 (19.3–28.9) | 167, 27.6 (24.1–31.3) | |
No | 208, 68.6 (63.2–73.6) | 231,76.2 (71.1–80.7) | 439, 72.4 (68.7–75.9) | |
Regular LLIN use during travels (n = 167) | 0.398 | |||
Yes | 9, 9.5 (4.9–17.4) | 4, 5.6 (2.1–14.2) | 13, 7.8 (4.5–13.0) | |
No | 86, 90.5 (82.6–95.1) | 68, 94.4 (85.8–97.9) | 154, 92.2 (87.0–95.5) | |
HH member travel to malarious lowlandsa | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 29, 9.6 (6.7–13.5) | 9, 3.0 (1.5–5.6) | 38, 6.3 (4.6–8.5) | |
No | 274, 90.4 (86.5–93.3) | 294, 97.0 (94.4–98.5) | 568, 93.7 (91.5–95.4) | |
Reason for travel (n = 38) | 0.574 | |||
To work temporarily/job seeking | 26, 89.7 (70.9–96.9) | 7, 77.8 (33.0–96.1) | 33, 86.8 (71.1–94.6) | |
Othersb | 3, 10.3 (3.1–29.1) | 2, 22.2 (3.9–67.0) | 5, 13.2 (5.4–28.9) | |
Visiting traditional healersc | 0.412 | |||
Yes | 55, 18.2 (14.2–22.9) | 63, 20.8 (16.6–25.8) | 118, 19.5 (16.5–22.8) | |
No | 248, 81.8 (77.1–85.8) | 240, 79.2 (74.2–83.4) | 488, 80.5 (77.2–83.5) | |