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Table 1 Characteristics of 909 malaria patients from Mangaluru, India

From: Manifestation of malaria in Mangaluru, southern India

Parameter

All

P. vivax

P. vivax/P. falciparum

P. falciparum

P

No. (%)

909 (100)

633 (69.6)

194 (21.3)

82 (9.0)

–

Age (years; median, range)

26.0 (4.0–82)

25.0 (4–70)

27.5 (7–82)

30.5 (12–65)

0.11

Male (%, n)

92.8 (844)

93.4 (591)

92.8 (180)

89.0 (73)

0.36

Migrated to Mangaluru (%, n)

77.8 (706/907)

77.3 (488/631)

80.4 (156)

75.6 (62)

0.58

Origin (%, n)

 Mangaluru

22.1 (201)

22.6 (143)

19.6 (38)

24.4 (20)

 

 Karnataka

27.3 (248)

25.3 (160)

31.4 (61)

32.9 (27)

 

 Non-Karnataka states

49.3 (448)

50.9 (322)

46.9 (91)

42.7 (35)

 

 No data/unclear

1.3 (12)

1.3 (8)

2.1 (4)

0

0.31

Self-defined tribal origin (%, n)

18.3 (166)

19.0 (120)

18.0 (35)

13.4 (11)

0.47

Formal education

 None

32.8 (298)

30.2 (191)

38.1 (74)*

40.2 (33)

 

 Incomplete (< 10th class)

38.0 (345)

39.2 (248)

37.1 (72)

30.5 (25)

 

 Completed (10th class)

13.9 (126)

15.0 (95)

10.8 (21)

12.2 (10)

 

 Advanced [(pre-)university]

14.6 (133)

15.3 (97)

12.4 (24)

14.6 (12)

 

 No data/unclear

0.8 (7)

0.3 (2)

1.5 (3)

2.4 (2)

0.06

Occupation construction worker or daily labourer (%, n)

56.1 (510)

53.7 (340)

58.8 (114)

68.3 (56)*

0.03

Monthly family income (rupees; median, range), n = 893

6000 (0–35,000)

7000 (0–35,000)

6000 (0–30,000)

6000 (2000–20,000)*†

0.006

Monthly family income < median (6000 rupees)

35.2 (314/893)

33.0 (205/621)

36.3 (69/190)

48.8 (40)*

0.02

People living in household (number; median, range), n = 889

5 (1–70)

5 (1–70)

5 (1–40)

4 (1–25)*†

0.02

People per room in household (number; median, range), n = 870

4 (0.25–70)

4 (0.25–70)

4 (0.50–40)

3 (0.67–25)*†

0.09

Household characteristics (%, n)

 Electricity

94.4 (857/908)

95.3 (602/632)

92.8 (180)

91.5 (75)

0.21

 Electric fan

70.0 (636/908)

70.6 (446/632)

71.6 (139)

62.2 (51)

0.26

 TV set

18.9 (172/908)

21.4 (135/632)

14.9 (29)

9.8 (8)*

0.01

 Fridge

5.2 (47/908)

5.9 (37/632)

4.6 (9)

1.2 (1)

0.19

 Motorbike

3.6 (33/908)

4.9 (31/632)

1.0 (2)*

0*

0.008

 Radio

2.8 (25/908)

3.0 (19/632)

1.5 (3)

3.7 (3)

0.48

 Bicycle

1.7 (15/908)

1.7 (11/632)

1.5 (3)

1.2 (1)

0.93

Stated use of a bed net in preceding night (%, n)

39.1 (354/906)

41.0 (259/631)

35.2 (68/193)

32.9 (27)

0.17

Window nets present (%, n)

4.2 (38/906)

4.0 (25/631)

6.7 (13/193)

0†

0.04

IRS in preceding 6 months (%, n)

2.8 (25/906)

3.3 (21/631)

1.6 (3/193)

1.2 (1)

0.28

Stated use of repellent coils (%, n)

39.3 (356/906)

39.6 (250/631)

40.4 (78/193)

34.1 (28)

0.59

Stated use of repellent fluids (%, n)

9.7 (88/906)

10.0 (63/631)

8.3 (16/193)

11.0 (9)

0.72

Stated stagnant water bodies at home (%, n)

31.0 (281/906)

32.0 (202/631)

27.5 (53/193)

31.7 (26)

0.48

Stated malaria episode in preceding 12 months (%, n)

37.9 (343/906)

38.8 (245/631)

34.2 (66/193)

39.0 (32)

0.50

Time since last malaria episode (months; median, range), n = 415

5 (0.2–240)

4 (0.2–180)

6 (0.5–240)

9 (0.5–120)

0.19

  1. * P < 0.05 as compared to vivax malaria; † P < 0.05 as compared to mixed species malaria