Table 3 Clinical and laboratory characteristics according to parasite species

No. (%)

633 (69.6)

194 (21.3)

82 (9.0)

–

GMPD (/µL; 95% CI)

2999 (2660–3382)

4246 (3413–5283)*

5408 (3758–7780)*

0.0005

General condition, impaired (%, n)

4.3 (27/628)

4.7 (9/192)

16.0 (13/81)*^†

< 0.0001

Consciousness affected (%, n)

2.2 (14/629)

3.6 (7/192)

11.1 (9/81)*^†

0.0001

Splenomegaly (%, n)

16.6 (104/628)

20.1 (39)

29.6 (24/81)*

0.01

Petechia (%, n)

1.0 (6/629)

0.5 (1)

2.4 (1)

0.33

Admission to ward (%, n)

3.3 (21)

4.1 (8)

7.3 (6)

0.20

Axillary temperature (°C, mean ± SD), n = 903

37.1 ± 1.5

37.4 ± 1.5*

37.3 ± 1.7

0.03

Weight (kg; median, range), n = 899

54.5 (11.4–96.8)

52.8 (17.2–89.9)

52.0 (31.6–71.7)*

0.03

Height (cm, mean ± SD), n = 889

165.0 ± 10.4

165.0 ± 10.0

165.5 ± 8.6

0.92

BMI (kg/m²; median, range), n = 887

19.8 (12.3–39.5)

19.1 (12.2–46.4)

19.2 (12.7–27.6)

0.002

Heart rate (/min; median, range), n = 906

99.0 (45–198)

100.0 (56–145)

104.5 (59–140)

0.16

Blood pressure, systolic (mmHg; median, range), n = 908

116.0 (71–250)

116.0 (66–217)

115.5 (78–194)

0.41

Blood pressure, diastolic (mmHg; median, range), n = 908

74.0 (27–155)

75.0 (40–161)

73 (42–109)

0.54

Hypotension (systolic BP < 80 mmHg; %, n)

1.1 (7/632)

3.6 (7)*

1.2 (1)

0.05

Respiratory rate (/min; median, range), n = 900

24.0 (14–44)

24.0 (15–34)

24.0 (16–44)

0.19

Thrombocytes (/µL; median, range), n = 859

110,000 (4000–326,000)

96,000 (10,600–293,000)

106,000 (6000–658,000)

0.28

Thrombocytopaenia (< 150,000/µL; %, n)

72.5 (437/603)

77.0 (141/183)

74.0 (54/73)

0.47

Severe thrombocytopaenia (< 50,000/µL; %, n)

10.9 (66/603)

14.2 (26/183)

19.2 (14/73)*

0.09

Hb (g/dL; median, range), n = 869

13.7 (5.1–20.3)

13.1 (7.0–20.5)*

13.5 (5.0–18.4)

0.02

Anaemia (%, n)

30.8 (188/610)

44.1 (82/186)*

41.1 (30/73)

0.002

Severe malarial anaemia (%, n)

0.7 (4/610)

0

0

0.43

White blood cells (/µL; median, range), n = 849

5400 (600–20,700)

5350 (700–17,400)

5500 (2900–16,400)

0.43

Creatinine (mg/dL; median, range), n = 828

0.90 (0.30–6.70)

0.90 (0.40–2.40)

0.90 (0.50–1.90)

0.73

Increased creatinine (> 1.4 mg/dL; %, n)

2.4 (14/576)

3.9 (7/179)

5.5 (4/73)

0.26

Renal impairment (creatinine > 3 mg/dL)

0.9 (5/576)

0

0

0.33

Bilirubin, total (mg/dL; median, range), n = 832

1.19 (0.20–8.10)

1.16 (0.30–8.72)

1.33 (0.37–5.85)

0.54

Increased bilirubin (> 1.2 mg/dL; %, n)

48.3 (280/580)

46.7 (84/180)

52.8 (38/72)

0.68

Bilirubin, direct (mg/dL; median, range), n = 833

0.21 (0.01–6.05)

0.22 (0.09–4.01)

0.25 (0.09–4.86)

0.41

Increased direct bilirubin (> 0.2 mg/dL; %, n)

50.0 (290/580)

51.4 (93/181)

55.6 (40/72)

0.66

Jaundice (bilirubin > 3 mg/dL and > 100,000 parasites/µL)

0

0.6 (1/181)

0

0.16