Housing type and risk of malaria among under-five children in Nigeria: evidence from the malaria indicator survey

Table 1 Distribution of U5 children tested for malaria parasite using RDT or Microscopy and association between test outcomes and selected characteristics

Variables	Number of children	%	Malaria test
Variables	Number of children	%	RDT+	χ² p-value	Micro+	χ² p-value
Child’s age (months)
0–6	755	10.8	21.6	< 0.001*	10.0	< 0.001*
7–23	1914	27.3	36.2		20.3
24–59	4342	61.9	49.5		30.9
Sex
Male	3574	51.0	46.2	0.063	27.8	0.276
Female	3437	49.0	44.0		26.9
Zone
North Central	1309	18.7	50.7	< 0.001*	32.1	< 0.001*
North East	983	14.0	42.9		26.5
North West	2286	32.6	58.2		37.1
South East	601	8.6	31.7		13.9
South South	780	11.1	28.9		19.4
South West	1053	15.0	32.1		15.3
Location
Urban	2350	33.5	24.1	< 0.001*	11.4	< 0.001*
Rural	4661	66.5	55.7		35.6
Usual resident
No	69	1.0	36.8	0.147	25.2	0.598
Yes	6942	99.0	45.2		27.4
Wealth quintile
Poorest	1474	21.0	64.1	< 0.001*	43.1	< 0.001*
Poorer	1612	23.0	62.7		41.0
Middle	1333	19.0	49.2		27.7
Richer	1289	18.4	30.2		16.8
Richest	1303	18.6	12.7		4.3
Slept under ever treated net
No	3963	56.5	42.1	< 0.001*	25.7	< 0.001*
Yes	3048	43.5	49.0		29.5
Slept under LLITNs
No	3980	56.8	42.0	< 0.001*	25.7	< 0.001*
Yes	3 031	43.2	49.1		29.5
Dwelling sprayed against mosquito in last 12 months
No	6867	98.6	43.9	0.006*	27.3	0.111
Yes	95	1.4	29.9		20.0
Fever in last 2 weeks
No	4123	59.0	37.4	< 0.001*	23.7	< 0.001*
Yes	2868	41.0	55.1		32.1