Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Study sites (n = 3650)

 Nong Bua

 Tala Oka

 Mae Salid Noi

 Suan Oi

 Ko Ma Nae

 Pha Man

 Orphanage

Gender (n = 3650)

 Male

 Female

Age

 Mean = 22.63 years

 Range = 1 month–99 years

 Median = 15 years

 ± SD = 19.34

 IQR = 28

Age (n = 3650), years

 ≤5

 6–15

 16–30

 31–45

 46–60

 > 60

Body temperature (n = 3597), °C

 ≥ 37.5

 < 37.5

 Not determine^a

Citizenship (n = 3650)

 Thai citizenship

 Foreigner

Occupation (n = 3650)

 Student

 Child

 Hireling/labour

 Plantation

 Housekeeper/housewife

 Merchant

 Other (e.g., cripple, retired, monk, government officer)