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Table 1 Potential risk or protective covariates collected from surveys

From: Detecting local risk factors for residual malaria in northern Ghana using Bayesian model averaging

Variable

Details

Demographic and socio-economic

 Age

From 6 to 59 months old

 Caretaker’s education

Binary variable; either (1) for high school education and above or (0) otherwise

 Caretaker’s age

In years

 Ethnicity

Four groups; (1) Bimoba, (2) Konkomba, (3) Mamprusi, and (4) Other, based on language of caretaker

 Farming caretakera

Binary variable; either caretaker occupation being farming (1) or otherwise (0)

 Gender

Binary variable; either male (1) or female (0)

 Surface water source

Binary variable; either (1) source of drinking water from exposed surface water or (0) otherwise

 Thatch roofing

Binary variable; either housing structure had a thatched roof (1) or otherwise (0)

 Wealth quintile

Constructed from multiple variables, using the methodology of the Ghana Demographic Health Survey (2008) [80]

Malaria intervention

 Health insurance—personal

Binary variable; either personal access to health insurance (1) or not (0)

 Health insurance—community

Binary variable; either (1) for ≥ 80%b community coverage of sampled population or (0) otherwise

 IRS in past 7 monthsa

Binary variable; either individual household having been treated with IRS in past 7 months (1) or not (0)

 IRS in past year

Binary variable; either individual household having been treated with IRS in past year (1) or not (0)

 Indoor residual spraying (IRS)—community coverage

Binary variable; either (1) for ≥ 80%b community coverage or (0) otherwise

 Insecticide treated nets (ITN)—personal

Binary variable; either (1) if net was used in previous night or (0) otherwise

 ITN—community coverage

Binary variable; either (1) for ≥ 80b % community coverage or (0) otherwise

 Personal medication use

Binary variable; either (1) used in the past 2 weeks or (0) otherwise

  1. aRemoved from models due to high correlations (R2 ≥ 0.49) with one or more other variables
  2. bBased on targets from Roll Back Malaria