Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women at first antenatal visit in post-Ebola Monrovia, Liberia

Guillermo Martínez-Pérez; Dawoh Peter Lansana; Senga Omeonga; Himanshu Gupta; Bondey Breeze-Barry; Raquel González; Azucena Bardají; Adelaida Sarukhan; James D. K. Goteh; Edith Tody; Pau Cisteró; Benard Benda; Juwe D. Kercula; Fanta D. Kibungu; Ana Meyer García-Sípido; Quique Bassat; Christine K. Tarr-Attia; Alfredo Mayor

doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2506-z

Table 2 Health-related data and laboratory examinations

From: Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women at first antenatal visit in post-Ebola Monrovia, Liberia

Variables	Uninfected (n = 171, 87.7%)^a	P. falciparum infection (n = 24, 12.3%)^a	p
Variables	n (%)	n (%)	p
Age (n = 191)
Mean (SD)	27.6 (SD 5.88)	24.9 (7.19)	0.045^b
Anaemia (n = 193)
Mean haemoglobin levels (SD)	11.26 (1.45)	10.89 (1.13)	0.231^b
Gravidity (n = 194)
Multigravidae	128 (75.3%)	13 (54.2%)
Primigravidae	42 (24.7%)	11 (45.8%)	0.030^c
Gestational age (n = 195)
1st trimester (1–14 weeks)	59 (34.5%)	10 (41.7%)
2nd trimester (15–28 weeks)	100 (58.5%)	11 (45.8%)
3rd trimester (≥ 29 weeks)	12 (7.0%)	3 (12.5%)	0.423^c
Fever (n = 188)
No	164 (98.2%)	18 (85.7%)
Yes, ≥ 38 °C at point of enrolment	3 (1.8%)	3 (14.3%)	0.019^d
Anti-malarial use (n = 195)
Not in the current pregnancy	123 (71.9%)	17 (70.8%)
Yes in the current pregnancy	48 (28.1%)	7 (29.2%)	0.911^c
Tuberculosis (n = 195)
Not on TB treatment	170 (99.4%)	23 (95.8%)
Self-reported on TB treatment	1 (0.6%)	1 (4.2%)	0.232^d
HIV rapid test (n = 167)
Confirmed negative test	143 (97.9%)	19 (90.5%)
Confirmed positive test	3 (2.0%)	2 (9.5%)	0.119^d
Syphilis rapid test (n = 160)
Confirmed negative test	140 (100.0%)	19 (95.0%)
Confirmed positive test	0 (0.0%)	1 (5.0%)	0.125^d
ITN (n = 195)
Did not used an ITN the preceding night	123 (71.9%)	16 (66.7%)
Slept under an ITN the preceding night	48 (28.1%)	8 (33.3%)	0.594^c
Education completed (n = 186)
None	25 (14.6%)	3 (12.5%)
Primary	24 (14.0%)	2 (8.3%)
Secondary	97 (56.7%)	16 (66.7%)
Tertiary	1 (0.6%)	0 (0.0%)
University	17 (9.9%)	1 (4.2%)	0.800^c
Current occupation (n = 194)
Professional/technological	12 (7.0%)	2 (8.3%)
Sales/services: self-employed	62 (36.3%)	6 (25.0%)
Sales/services: salaried	12 (7.0%)	2 (8.3%)
Skilled/unskilled manual	14 (8.2%)	1 (4.2%)
Clerical	4 (2.3%)	0 (0.0%)
Student (no other paid occupation)	43 (25.2%)	9 (37.5%)
Unemployed	23 (13.5%)	4 (16.7%)	0.420^c

n number of participants
^aOf the total (n = 195). Frequencies and rates in bivariate analyses below exclude missing values
^bt-test
^cPearson χ²
^dFisher’s exact

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