Fig. 1

Genetic polymorphisms of the N-terminal non-repeat region in Myanmar and global PfCSP. a Polymorphic pattern of the N-terminal non-repeat region in Myanmar PfCSP. Only a haplotype of the N-terminal non-repeat region was identified in 51 Myanmar PfCSP sequences. All Myanmar PfCSP had 19 amino acids length insertion (NNGDNGREGKDEDKRDGNN) in the middle of the region. The dots represent residues identical to the reference sequence of 3D7 (XM_001351086). The dashes represent gaps to maximize the alignment. The predicted T-cell epitope region was shaded with pink. The conserved motif (KLKQP) involved in the sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary gland and in binding to hepatocytes prior to invasion was underlined. b Polymorphic patterns of the N-terminal non-repeat region in global PfCSP. The N-terminal non-repeat region of PfCSP was largely conserved in global PfCSP. Amino acid changes at seven positions and insertion of 19 amino acids length (NNGDNGREGKDEDKRDGNN) were the major variations observed in global PfCSP. The frequencies of the amino acid polymorphisms and insertion observed in global PfCSP differed by geographical origins. PNG Papua New Guinea