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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate associations with brain swelling: univariate association and multivariable logistic regression model showing the association between brain swelling and a number of cytokines

From: Brain swelling is independent of peripheral plasma cytokine levels in Malawian children with cerebral malaria

Variable

Characteristic

No severe swelling

Severe swelling

p-value*

Unadjusted

Adjusted

n (%)

n (%)

OR

95% CI

p-value**

OR

95% CI

p-value***

IL-10 (pg/mL)

Median (IQR)

5.28 (4.44; 6.32)

5.42 (4.40; 6.37)

0.61

1.04

0.87; 1.26

0.644

 

ND

 

IL-1β (pg/mL)

Median (IQR)

2.07 (1.35; 2.77)

2.02 (1.31; 2.58)

0.69

1

0.79; 1.27

0.996

 

ND

 

IL-6 (pg/mL)

Median (IQR)

5.11 (4.23; 5.95)

5.27 (4.29; 6.38)

0.26

1.11

0.91; 1.35

0.297

 

ND

 

IL-12 (pg/mL)

Median (IQR)

2.73 (1.42; 3.20)

3.11 (2.87; 3.29)

0.05

1.37

0.94; 1.99

0.103

1.24

0.74; 2.08

0.415

IL-8 (pg/mL)

Median (IQR)

4.27 (3.58; 5.04)

4.46 (3.65; 5.50)

0.16

1.19

0.93; 1.52

0.159

1.91

0.98; 3.71

0.056

TNF (pg/mL)

Median (IQR)

2.82 (2.26; 3.32)

3.03 (2.50; 3.82)

0.07

1.24

0.95; 1.63

0.119

1.41

0.76; 2.76

0.275

Ratio (IL10/TNF)

Median (IQR)

2.24 (1.32; 3.45)

2.23 (0.85; 3.58)

0.77

0.96

0.82; 1.13

0.662

 

ND

 

Ratio (IL-10/IL-6)

Median (IQR)

0.20 (0.51; 0.85)

0.14 (0.73; 0.77)

0.44

0.9

0.69; 1.18

0.448

 

ND

 

Ratio (IL-10/IL-1β)

Median (IQR)

3.43 (2.26; 4.51)

3.62 (2.37; 4.46)

0.96

1

0.83; 1.21

0.962

 

ND

 

Ratio (IL-10/IL-12)

Median (IQR)

2.57 (1.07; 3.92)

2.64 (0.68; 3.55)

0.69

0.94

0.75; 1.19

0.632

 

ND

 

Ratio (IL-10/IL-8)

Median (IQR)

0.96 (0.12; 1.72)

0.92 (0.33; 1.72)

0.67

0.93

0.76; 1.14

0.496

 

ND

 
  1. In this analysis brain swelling scores of 3 to 6 were considered to not have severe swelling and scores of 7 and 8 were considered to have severe swelling. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate model. Group comparisons were done using Mann–Whitney U test. Results for cytokine concentrations and parasitaemia were log transformed (log10). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis was based on only those variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 in univariate analysis
  2. ND not done
  3. * Univariate association
  4. ** Simple logistic regression
  5. *** Multivariable logistic regression
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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