Table 3 Studies including description of night time human activities
Author (year) [reference] | Location | Methods used to capture night time activities | Night time activities identified | Night time activity categories |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaii et al. (2003) [37] | Kenya | Early morning (4:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m.) observation of ITN use Survey question on barriers to ITN use for children under 5 | Funeral ceremonies Disruption of sleeping patterns due to visitors | Large-scale socio-cultural events travel/visitors |
Dunn et al. (2010) [38] | Tanzania | In-depth interviews Focus group discussions Participatory methods | Spending night at farming plot Outdoor sleeping Socio-cultural events e.g. funerals Household chores (women) Drinking, watching television, and socializing (men) | Livelihood activities Large-scale socio-cultural events Routine household activities Entertainment |
Tuno et al. (2010) [30] | Ghana | Survey | Outdoor sleeping | Outdoor sleeping |
Monroe et al. (2014) [39] | Uganda | In-depth interviews Focus group discussions | Funerals, weddings, religious events, parties Socializing, visiting bars Overnight visits with friends/family Occupations such as police and fishing Outdoor sleeping Domestic disputes, insurgency, illness | Large-scale socio-cultural events Entertainment Travel/visitors Livelihood activities Outdoor sleeping Times of difficulty |
Dlamini et al. (2015) [40] | Swaziland | In-depth interviews Focus group discussion Direct observation from morning to late evening | Soccer playing and socializing (adolescent boys) Drinking at local bars (men) Preparing meals and fetching water (women and adolescent girls) | Entertainment Routine household activities |
Monroe et al. (2015) [41] | Ghana | Direct observation (6:00 p.m.–6:00 a.m.) In-depth interviews | Household chores Socializing Weddings, funerals Outdoor sleeping | Routine household chores Entertainment Large-scale socio-cultural events Outdoor sleeping |
Swai et al. (2016) [42] | Tanzania | Direct observation (6:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m.) In-depth interviews Focus group discussions | Farming practices Relaxing and storytelling, playing Cooking, eating, fetching water and firewood | Livelihood activities Routine household activities |
Moshi et al. (2017) [43] | Tanzania | In-depth interviews Focus group discussions | Cooking, eating, household chores Socializing, drinking at bars | Routine household activities Entertainment |
Masalu et al. (2017) [44] | Tanzania | Focus group discussions | Farming, night guard, sex work Funerals, parties, and gatherings | Livelihood activities Large-scale socio-cultural events |
Makungu et al. (2017) [45] | Tanzania | In-depth interviews Focus group discussions Photovoice methods | Household chores Watching television, drinking at bars Fishing, street vending Funeral ceremonies | Routine household activities Entertainment Livelihood activities Large-scale socio-cultural events |