Table 3 Factors related to P. vivax recurrence
From: Evaluation of Plasmodium vivax malaria recurrence in Brazil
Predictor factor | Categories | Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) model | Prentice, Williams and Peterson (PWP) survival model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) N = 151,784 | RR (95% CI), p value | HR (95% CI), p value | ||
Age categorical | Older than 36 years | 68,173 (44.9) | 0.62 (0.57–0.67), p < 0.0001 | 0.75 (0.70; 0.81), p < 0.0001 |
15–35 years | 46,380 (30.6) | 0.71 (0.65–0.77), p < 0.0001 | 0.78 (0.72;0.84), p < 0.0001 | |
12–14 years | 8337 (5.5) | 0.77 (0.7–0.85), p < 0.0001 | 0.81 (0.74;0.88), p < 0.0001 | |
9–11 years | 7604 (5) | 0.82 (0.75–0.91), p < 0.0001 | 0.87 (0.80;0.96), p = 0.003 | |
4–8 years | 11,982 (7.9) | 0.8 (0.75–0.86), p < 0.0001 | 0.83 (0.78;0.88), p < 0.0001 | |
≤ 3 | 9308 (6.1) | REF | REF | |
Hypnozoite treatment | No primaquine | 2667 (1.8) | 1.43 (1.29–1.58), p < 0.0001 | 1.53 (1.39;1.69), p < 0.0001 |
Primaquine 3–4.2 mg/kg | 149,117 (98.2) | REF | REF | |
Gender | Male | 90,914 (59.9) | 1.11 (1.07–1.14), p < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.05;1.11), p < 0.0001 |
Female | 60,870 (40.1) | REF | REF | |
Ethnic background | Not informed | 1377 (0.9) | 1.60 (1.4–1.82), p < 0.0001 | 1.19 (1.02;1.38), p = 0.03 |
Native indigenous | 25,705 (16.9) | 0.78 (0.73–0.84), p < 0.0001 | 0.89 (0.84;0.95), p < 0.0001 | |
Mixed background | 106,819 (70.4) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09), p = 0.34 | 0.95 (0.87;1.04), p = 0.25 | |
Asian background | 1527 (1) | 0.96 (0.8–1.15), p = 0.68 | 0.94 (0.80;1.11), p = 0.49 | |
African background | 5908 (3.9) | 0.94 (0.86–1.04), p = 0.23 | 0.95 (0.87;1.04), p = 0.25 | |
White | 10,448 (6.9) | REF | REF | |
Economic activity | Road dam construction | 467 (0.3) | 1.01 (0.8–1.27), p = 0.94 | 0.92 (0.74;1.13), p = 0.42 |
Fishing hunting | 3106 (2) | 0.72 (0.63–0.82), p < 0.0001 | 0.73 (0.65;0.82), p < 0.0001 | |
Vegetal extraction | 1191 (0.8) | 0.59 (0.48–0.73), p < 0.0001 | 0.70 (0.58;0.85), p < 0.0001 | |
Mining | 7046 (4.6) | 0.81 (0.74–0.89), p < 0.0001 | 0.86 (0.79;0.93), p < 0.0001 | |
Tourism | 3182 (2.1) | 0.79 (0.71–0.89), p < 0.0001 | 0.76 (0.68;0.84), p < 0.0001 | |
Agriculture livestock | 32,919 (21.7) | 0.77 (0.73–0.82), p < 0.0001 | 0.79 (0.75;0.83), p < 0.0001 | |
Others | 89,132 (58.7) | 0.85 (0.81–0.9), p < 0.0001 | 0.91 (0.87;0.95), p < 0.0001 | |
Domestic | 14,741 (9.7) | REF | REF | |
Years in school | Complete graduation | 1341 (0.9) | 1.14 (0.97–1.35), p = 0.12 | 1.04 (0.89;1.22), p = 0.63 |
Complete high school | 13,647 (9) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23), p < 0.0001 | 1.07 (1.00;1.15), p = 0.04 | |
Incomplete high school | 12,070 (8) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24), p < 0.0001 | 1.09 (1.02;1.17), p = 0.02 | |
Complete fundamental studies | 9745 (6.4) | 1.11 (1.03–1.2), p = 0.01 | 1.05 (0.97;1.13), p = 0.24 | |
Not informed | 17,596 (11.6) | 1.33 (1.22–1.44), p < 0.0001 | 1.27 (1.17;1.37), p < 0.0001 | |
Incomplete fundamental studies | 81,190 (53.5) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18), p < 0.0001 | 1.06 (1.01;1.12), p = 0.02 | |
Illiterate | 16,195 (10.7) | REF | REF | |