Table 3 Multivariate analyses of factors associated with insecticide-treated net (ITN) usage among children under 5 years old
Variable | 2010 | 2015–2016 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR | 95% CI | p value | aOR | 95% CI | p value | |
Child factors | ||||||
Age (months) | ||||||
≤ 12 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
13–23 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.078 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.353 |
24–59 | 0.7 | (0.6–0.8) | < 0.001 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7) | < 0.001 |
Gender of child | ||||||
Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Female | 1.1 | (0.9–1.2) | 0.050 | 1.0 | (0.9–1.1) | 0.899 |
Maternal characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age (years) | ||||||
15–24 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
24–34 | 1.2 | (1.0–1.3) | 0.042 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 0.349 |
≥ 35 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 0.214 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 0.177 |
Educational level | ||||||
Secondary/post-secondary | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
No formal education | 0.7 | (0.6–0.9) | 0.002 | 0.6 | (0.49–0.8) | 0.001 |
Primary | 0.8 | (0.7–0.9) | 0.011 | 0.8 | (0.67–0.9) | 0.008 |
Employed | ||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.641 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.0) | 0.076 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Lomwe | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Chewa | 1.3 | (1.1–1.7) | 0.019 | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 0.501 |
Tumbuka | 0.9 | (0.7–1.3) | 0.685 | 0.9 | (0.7–1.3) | 0.622 |
Yao | 1.1 | (0.8–1.3) | 0.688 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.3) | 0.927 |
Ngoni | 1.4 | (1.1–1.7) | 0.008 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 0.265 |
Others | 1.3 | (1.1–1.6) | 0.002 | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) | 0.177 |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Unmarried | 0.8 | (0.7–0.9) | 0.013 | 0.8 | (0.7–1.0) | 0.089 |
Religion | ||||||
Catholic | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Protestant | 0.9 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.923 | 0.8 | (0.6–0.9) | 0.043 |
Muslim and other | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.253 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.224 |
Health behaviour | ||||||
Undesirable | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||||
Desirable | 1.2 | (1.1–1.3) | 0.001 | 1.2 | (1.1–1.3) | 0.016 |
Household factors | ||||||
Wealth | ||||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Poorer | 0.9 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.861 | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.970 |
Middle | 1.2 | (1.1–1.6) | 0.012 | 1.0 | (0.9–1.3) | 0.725 |
Richer | 1.4 | (1.1–1.7) | 0.004 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.3) | 0.944 |
Richest | 1.7 | (1.3–2.2) | < 0.001 | 0.8 | (0.6–1.2) | 0.275 |
Gender of head of household | ||||||
Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Female | 0.8 | (0.7–0.9) | 0.002 | 0.8 | (0.7–0.9) | 0.012 |
Roofing material | ||||||
Improved | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Unimproved | 1.4 | (1.1–1.7) | 0.001 | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.910 |
Region | ||||||
Northern | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Central | 1.2 | (0.9–1.6) | 0.237 | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 0.261 |
Southern | 1.5 | (1.2–1.9) | 0.002 | 0.9 | (0.8–1.3) | 0.973 |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Rural | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 0.060 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.8) | 0.001 |
Household ITN supply | ||||||
Very poor | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Poor | 1.9 | (1.6–2.1) | < 0.001 | 2.3 | (1.9–2.6) | < 0.001 |
Good | 2.6 | (2.3–2.9) | < 0.001 | 3.8 | (3.2–4.5) | < 0.001 |