Fig. 2

Pan-reactivity and cytotoxic investigations of Artemisia afra chloroform fraction, compounds 1 and 2. a IC₅₀ values (μM), determined using the pLDH assay for asexuals (1% parasitaemia) and gametocytes (1–2% gametocytaemia), respectively. Data are the mean ± SEM of three independent biological repeats each done in technical triplicate. n = 2 for all asexual assays. Statistically significant differences between the IC₅₀ values are indicated (*P < 0.05, unpaired Student’s t-test). b Cytotoxicity was investigated by the standard mammalian LDH leakage assay, with emetine used as positive reference control. *Unpaired assays (n = 3, each carried out in technical duplicate). Data are the mean ± SEM of three independent biological repeat experiments each performed in technical triplicate