Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants, adults aged ≥ 15 years, in the three selected provinces in eastern Indonesia
Variable | Maluku N = 11,919 (%a) | West Papua N = 8003 (%a) | Papua N = 21,157 (%a) |
|---|---|---|---|
Malaria | 563 (4.1) | 905 (12.4) | 3964 (18.8) |
Type of malaria | |||
 P. falciparum | 90 (12.0) | 233 (22.3) | 1538 (37.5) |
 P. vivax | 105 (17.9) | 456 (56.9) | 1537 (41.0) |
 P. falciparum + P. vivax | 11 (3.0) | 34 (3.5) | 183 (5.7) |
 Other | 59 (12.6) | 26 (2.1) | 193 (2.5) |
 Not known | 298 (54.4) | 156 (13.3) | 1097 (13.3) |
Individual-level | |||
 Gender | |||
  Male | 5541 (50.0) | 3853 (53.2) | 10,932 (52.9) |
  Female | 6378 (50.0) | 4150 (46.8) | 10,225 (47.1) |
 Occupation | |||
  Not working | 5709 (50.5) | 3705 (46.5) | 7067 (33.7) |
  Primary industry workers (farmer, fisherman) | 3383 (23.9) | 1980 (20.0) | 9358 (42.6) |
  Tertiary industry workers (services-related occupation) | 2273 (20.8) | 2033 (30.0) | 3902 (19.6) |
  Other (undefined) | 554 (4.8) | 285 (3.4) | 830 (4.1) |
 Education | |||
  No | 532 (3.3) | 579 (4.5) | 4481 (20.8) |
  Primary | 4501 (33.0) | 3224 (32.2) | 7438 (32.0) |
  Secondary | 6886 (63.8) | 4200 (63.2) | 9238 (47.1) |
 Used ITN last night | |||
  No | 8840 (79.1) | 3730 (55.3) | 13,858 (72.6) |
  Yes | 3079 (20.9) | 4273 (44.7) | 7299 (27.4) |
Household-level | |||
 Bed net ownership | |||
  No | 8563 (68.9) | 3710 (63.8) | 13,949 (70.8) |
  Yes | 3356 (31.1) | 4293 (36.2) | 7208 (29.2) |
 Household-density | |||
  Less than 8/m2 | 3435 (31.2) | 1713 (22.8) | 8449 (45.1) |
  More than 8/m2 | 8484 (68.8) | 6290 (77.2) | 12,708 (54.9) |
 Access to the nearest public health services | |||
  Not available | 1035 (8.1) | 670 (7.8) | 1753 (8.9) |
  Less than 30 min | 9377 (80.0) | 6680 (85.1) | 12,549 (59.2) |
  More than 30 min | 1507 (11.9) | 653 (7.1) | 6855 (32.0) |
 Household wealth index | |||
  Poorest | 2129 (14.3) | 2893 (25.9) | 12,902 (58.5) |
  Poorer | 2253 (17.0) | 2118 (23.3) | 2717 (12.1) |
  Middle | 2334 (18.6) | 1169 (17.5) | 1864 (8.8) |
  Richer | 2508 (22.5) | 1143 (21.1) | 1894 (9.3) |
  Richest | 2695 (27.5) | 680 (12.2) | 1780 (11.2) |
Village-level | |||
 Place of residence | |||
  Rural | 7133 (58.7) | 5950 (60.9) | 15,722 (71.2) |
  Urban | 4786 (41.3) | 2053 (39.1) | 5435 (28.8) |
 Proportion of villagers used bed netb | |||
  Low | 6667 (55.9) | 3505 (63.7) | 11,011 (52.0) |
  High | 5252 (44.1) | 4498 (36.3) | 10,146 (48.0) |
 Proportion of villagers have access to improved water sourcesc | |||
  Low | 5305 (44.5) | 1722 (18.9) | 10,552 (49.9) |
  High | 6614 (55.5) | 6281 (81.1) | 10,605 (50.1) |
 Proportion of villagers had secondary education leveld | |||
  Low | 4756 (39.9) | 3170 (42.9) | 8608 (40.7) |
  High | 7163 (60.1) | 4833 (57.1) | 12,549 (59.3) |
 Zone | |||
  Lowland (< 200 m) | 5816 (47.9) | 4704 (58.8) | 5200 (24.6) |
  Midland (200–1200 m) | 6103 (52.1) | 2151 (26.8) | 8546 (40.4) |
  Upper highland (> 1200 m) | 0 (0.0) | 1148 (14.4) | 7411 (35.0) |