Table 1 Summary of features of patients with immune-mediated post-artesunate delayed haemolysis (PADH)
From: Positive direct antiglobulin test in post-artesunate delayed haemolysis: more than a coincidence?
Gender, age | Immunity | Plasmodium species | Parasitaemia (%) | Malaria severity criteria | Number of artesunate doses received | PCT (days) | PADH onset (day) | Hb nadir (g/dL) | Days to Hb nadira |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M 55 | Non-immune | P.f. | 28.6 | Hyperparasitaemia | 2 | 4 | 14 | 5.1 | 13 |
M 55 | Non-immune | P.f. | 8.7 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI, hyperlactaemia | 4 | 20c | 20 | 9.6 | 26 |
M 40 | Non-immune | P.f. | 45 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI, respiratory distress | 5 | 3 | 9 | 6.1 | 12 |
M 49 | Non-immune | P.f. | 25 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI, respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinaemia | 5 | 3 | 13 | 7.7 | 16 |
F 17 | Semi-immune | P.f. | 0.8 | Shock, hyperlactaemia | 3 | 3 | 14 | 4.6 | 16 |
M 43 | Non-immune | P.f. | 30 | Hyperparasitaemia, prostration (psychomotor slow down), AKI, acidosis and hyperlactaemia | – | – | 8 | 5.3 | 18 |
M 78 | Non-immune | P.f. | 27 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI | – | 1.5 | 15 | 6.4 | 15 |
M 53 | – | P.f. | 34 | Hyperparasitaemia, impaired consciousness, jaundice | 2 | 4 | – | 6.9 | 20 |
F 44 | – | P.f. | 37 | Hyperparasitaemia | 3 | 4 | – | 6.1 | 15 |
F 59 | – | P.f. | 30 | Hyperparasitaemia, haemoglobinuria, jaundice | 1 | 10 | – | 6.9 | 13 |
M 54 | Non-immune | P.f. | 21 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI, shock, impaired consciousness, hyperbilirubinaemia | 4 | 7 | – | 5.7 | 14 |
F 44 | Non-immune | P.f. | 37 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI, acidosis, purpura with thrombocytopenia | 5 | – | 10 | 5.6 | – |
F 50 | – | Pf + P.vivax | 45 | Hyperparasitaemia, AKI, acidosis, hyperlactaemia, hypotension, hyperbilirubinaemia | – | 5 | 7 | 4.1 | 11 |
– | – | P.f. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Gender, age | Coombs | Treatment | Survival | Ref. | Country | Year | Frequencyb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M 55 | C3d+ | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | Our cases | Spain | 2018 | 40% (4/10) |
M 55 | C3d+ and cryoagglutinins | None | Yes | Our cases | Spain | 2018 | 40% (4/10) |
M 40 | C3d+ | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | Our cases | Spain | 2018 | 40% (4/10) |
M 49 | C3d+ | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | Our cases | Spain | 2018 | 40% (4/10) |
F 17 | IgG+ and C3d+ (positive drug-dependent antibodies test) | Corticosteroids | Yes | [10] | France | 2014 | 100% (1/1) |
M 43 | C3d+ | Corticosteroids | Yes | [11] | France | 2018 | 100% (1/1) |
M 78 | Direct Coombs | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | [12] | United Kingdom | 2012 | 100% (1/1) |
M 53 | C3d+ | None | Yes | [13] | Belgium/Netherlands | 2012 | 50% (3/6) |
F 44 | IgG+ and C3d+ | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | [13] | Belgium/Netherlands | 2012 | 50% (3/6) |
F 59 | IgG+ and IgM+ | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | [13] | Belgium/Netherlands | 2012 | 50% (3/6) |
M 54 | IgG+ (anti-E specificity) | Blood transfusion | Yes | [14] | Germany | 2012 | 33% (1/3) |
F 44 | No data | Blood transfusion | Yes | [15] | Spain | 2017 | 25% (1/4) |
F 50 | IgG+ | Corticosteroids and blood transfusion | Yes | [16] | India | 2018 | 100% (1/1) |
– | IgM+ | – | – | [5] | France | 2014 | 8% (1/13) |