Fig. 5

Deltamethrin contact irritancy in the susceptible laboratory (WX-LS) and resistant Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes collected at the study regions (BS-FR, YY-FR, and WH-FR). Number of take-off (a) and flying time (b) of female An. sinensis during a 3-min exposure to a DTN or a UTN were determined by a modified WHO cone bioassay. The times to first takeoff from DTNs were compared (c). Significances for paired or multiple data were determined by Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis test due to lack of normal distribution. Error bars indicate standard errors