Fig. 5

Differential antibody responses among patients classified on the basis of disease: a hospitalization status, b severity symptoms and c time of sample collection. The bar graphs on the left indicate average SI of median normalized values (MSI) for each study group with 95% CI. **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001, *0.001 < p < 0.05, NS not significant (Mann–Whitney non-parametric statistical test). Heat maps on the right represent MNSI values (autoscaled) of individual patients (P. falciparum only) to specific P. falciparum antigens which showed differential antibody response between a in-patients and out-patients, b non-severe and severe patients, and c patients diagnosed with P. falciparum malaria during peak malaria season and dry season. Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) using Log2 FOC values was performed to identify statistically significant proteins with p  < 0.001. Only antigens that were seroreactive in at least one group are represented in the heat map