|
Variable
|
Categories
|
Parasitaemiaa n (%)
|
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariate analysis
|
|---|
|
RR (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
aRRb (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Wealth index categories
|
Least poor
|
395 (35.7)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
Middle
|
539 (46.8)
|
1.28 (1.10–1.49)
|
0.001
|
1.25 (1.12–1.41)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Poorest
|
534 (46.3)
|
1.28 (1.10–1.49)
|
0.001
|
1.24 (1.10–1.39)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Type of house constructionc
|
Modern
|
285 (36.9)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
Traditional
|
1183 (44.8)
|
1.23 (1.06–1.44)
|
0.007
|
1.14 (1.01–1.28)
|
0.03
|
|
Whether airbricks were present
|
Present
|
345 (36.6)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
Not present
|
1123 (45.5)
|
1.26 (1.10–1.45)
|
0.001
|
1.16 (1.00–1.35)
|
0.05
|
|
Number of windows present
|
≥ 2 windows
|
274 (41.3)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
1 window
|
885 (43.9)
|
1.08 (0.93–1.26)
|
0.32
|
0.99 (0.88–1.11)
|
0.85
|
|
No windows
|
309 (42.3)
|
1.04 (0.87–1.25)
|
0.64
|
1.00 (0.87–1.14)
|
0.98
|
|
Level of education
|
O level or beyond
|
301 (36.6)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
None or primary
|
1167 (45.1)
|
1.23 (1.06–1.43)
|
0.006
|
1.19 (1.06–1.34)
|
0.002
|
|
Categories of gravidity
|
Multigravida
|
705 (39.1)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
Secundigravida
|
337 (41.0)
|
1.05 (0.90–1.21)
|
0.55
|
1.17 (1.05–1.31)
|
0.006
|
|
Primigravida
|
426 (54.1)
|
1.38 (1.22–1.57)
|
< 0.001
|
1.32 (1.20–1.45)
|
< 0.001
|
|
IPTp regimen
|
Monthly DP
|
367 (21.1)
|
Reference
|
–
|
Reference
|
–
|
|
Monthly SP
|
1101 (65.9)
|
3.11 (2.81–3.45)
|
< 0.001
|
3.13 (2.84–3.46)
|
< 0.001
|
- RR risk ratio
- aMeasured at the time of routine visits done every 4 weeks during pregnancy (n = 3412)
- bAdjusted for wealth index, type of house construction, level of education, categories of gravidity and IPTp regimen
- cModern houses defined as those with plaster or cement walls, metal or wooden roof, and closed eaves; all other houses defined as traditional
