Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of the the Multiple-PCR strategy was used to detect “TTG” to “TTT”, “TGT”, “TTC”and “TCG” mutations, predict the size of PCR products in the para sodium channel gene and identify the anopheles species. a P1–P2 with kdr-L, kdr-F, kdr-C and kdr-S indicate PCR primers. Paired-primer kdr-L and P2 amplifies a 170 bp fragment for the susceptible allele (for codon TTG). Primers pair kdr-F and P2 yields 170 bp fragments for the resistant TTT/TTC mutations (codon TTT and TTC). Similarly, primer pair kdr-S and P2 amplify a 170 bp fragment diagnostic of the TGT mutation (codon TGT). The primer pair P1 and P2 are allele-nonspecific outer primers. Paired primers of UP/PA and UP/PS were used to diagnostic the Anopheles specimen of An. anthropophagus and An. sinensis, respectively. b Species identification results (Lane 1: positive control of An. anthropophagus, Lane 2: positive control of An. sinensis, Lane 3–12: Partial sample amplification results). c Partial results by the Multiple-PCR showed the genotypes of TTT/TTT, TTT/TTC and TTT/TGT [Lane1: kdr-L(TTG), Lane2: kdr-C(TGT), Lane3: kdr-F(TTT), Lane4: kdr-F(TTC)]