From: Malaria impact on cognitive function of children in a peri-urban community in the Brazilian Amazon
Characteristic | No low cognitive development | Low cognitive development | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Demographic | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 16 | 14.0 | 98 | 86.0 | 114 | 100.0 |
Female | 19 | 18.1 | 86 | 81.9 | 105 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Age | ||||||
2.6–3.11 | 15 | 21.1 | 56 | 78.9 | 71 | 100.0 |
4–7.7 | 20 | 13.5 | 128 | 86.5 | 148 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Education | ||||||
Not study | 24 | 19.7 | 98 | 80.3 | 122 | 100.0 |
Study | 11 | 11.3 | 86 | 88.7 | 97 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Socio-economic | ||||||
Brick-built house | ||||||
No | 23 | 16.4 | 117 | 83.6 | 140 | 100.0 |
Yes | 12 | 15.2 | 67 | 84.8 | 79 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Family income | ||||||
≤ 1 min. wage | 3 | 15.0 | 17 | 85.0 | 20 | 100.0 |
> 1 min. wage | 32 | 16.1 | 167 | 83.9 | 199 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Piped water | ||||||
No | 28 | 21.2 | 104 | 78.8 | 132 | 100.0 |
Yes | 7 | 8.0 | 80 | 92.0 | 87 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Sewage system | ||||||
No | 34 | 15.8 | 181 | 84.2 | 215 | 100.0 |
Yes | 1 | 25.0 | 3 | 75.0 | 4 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Housing conditions | ||||||
Precarious | 7 | 15.2 | 39 | 84.8 | 46 | 100.0 |
Reasonable | 21 | 22.1 | 74 | 77.9 | 95 | 100.0 |
Better conditions | 7 | 9.0 | 71 | 91.0 | 78 | |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
> 2 residents/room | ||||||
No | 27 | 16.7 | 135 | 83.3 | 162 | 100.0 |
Yes | 8 | 14.0 | 49 | 86.0 | 57 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Maternal and family conditions | ||||||
Adolescent mother | ||||||
No | 34 | 15.7 | 183 | 84.3 | 217 | 100.0 |
Yes | 1 | 50.0 | 1 | 50.0 | 2 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Mother’s education | ||||||
Not study | 31 | 15.7 | 167 | 84.3 | 198 | 100.0 |
Study | 4 | 19.0 | 17 | 81.0 | 21 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Disorders during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 33 | 16.9 | 162 | 83.1 | 195 | 100.0 |
Yes | 2 | 8.3 | 22 | 91.7 | 24 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Level of family stimulus | ||||||
More stimulated | 5 | 9.1 | 50 | 90.9 | 55 | 100.0 |
Regularly stimulated | 9 | 16.4 | 46 | 83.6 | 55 | 100.0 |
Little stimulated | 12 | 21.1 | 45 | 78.9 | 57 | 100.0 |
Almost no stimulus | 9 | 17.3 | 43 | 82.7 | 52 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Child health | ||||||
Malnutrition | ||||||
No | 8 | 19.0 | 34 | 81.0 | 42 | 100.0 |
Yes | 27 | 15.3 | 150 | 84.7 | 177 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Anemia | ||||||
No | 32 | 17.4 | 152 | 82.6 | 184 | 100.0 |
Yes | 3 | 8.6 | 32 | 91.4 | 35 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Intestinal parasites | ||||||
No | 6 | 16.7 | 30 | 83.3 | 36 | 100.0 |
Yes | 29 | 15.8 | 154 | 84.2 | 183 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Low birth weight | ||||||
No | 33 | 16.1 | 172 | 83.9 | 205 | 100.0 |
Yes | 2 | 16.7 | 10 | 83.3 | 12 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 182 | 217 | |||
Premature birth | ||||||
No | 32 | 15.5 | 174 | 84.5 | 206 | 100.0 |
Yes | 3 | 23.1 | 10 | 76.9 | 13 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Breast feeding until the sixth month | ||||||
No | 12 | 14.0 | 74 | 86.0 | 86 | 100.0 |
Yes | 12 | 16.4 | 61 | 83.6 | 73 | 100.0 |
Total | 24 | 135 | 159 | |||
Vaccinated | ||||||
No | 1 | 4.5 | 21 | 95.5 | 22 | 100.0 |
Yes | 34 | 17.4 | 161 | 82.6 | 195 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 182 | 217 | |||
Infectious disease in the last 30 days | ||||||
No | 34 | 15.8 | 181 | 84.2 | 215 | 100.0 |
Yes | 1 | 25.0 | 3 | 75.0 | 4 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Chronic diseases | ||||||
No | 34 | 15.8 | 181 | 84.2 | 215 | 100.0 |
Yes | 1 | 25.0 | 3 | 75.0 | 4 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Exposure to malaria | ||||||
Occurrence of malaria | ||||||
No malaria history | 24 | 20.2 | 95 | 79.8 | 119 | 100.0 |
Had an episode/more | 11 | 11.0 | 89 | 89.0 | 100 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Number of malaria episodes | ||||||
1 | 7 | 10.8 | 58 | 89.2 | 65 | 100.0 |
2 | 1 | 8.3 | 11 | 91.7 | 12 | 100.0 |
3 | 2 | 14.3 | 12 | 85.7 | 14 | 100.0 |
4 | 1 | 11.1 | 8 | 88.9 | 9 | 100.0 |
Total | 11 | 89 | 100 | |||
Exposure to malaria | ||||||
No exposure | 24 | 20.2 | 95 | 79.8 | 119 | 100.0 |
Mild | 1 | 9.1 | 10 | 90.9 | 11 | 100.0 |
Moderate | 8 | 10.8 | 66 | 89.2 | 74 | 100.0 |
Severe | 2 | 13.3 | 13 | 86.7 | 15 | |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Malaria-related hospitalization | ||||||
No | 9 | 9.8 | 83 | 90.2 | 92 | 100.0 |
Yes | 1 | 25.0 | 3 | 75.0 | 4 | 100.0 |
Total | 10 | 86 | 96 | |||
Malaria during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 30 | 15.5 | 164 | 84.5 | 194 | 100.0 |
Yes | 5 | 20.0 | 20 | 80.0 | 25 | 100.0 |
Total | 35 | 184 | 219 | |||
Malaria attacks during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 9 | 9.8 | 83 | 90.2 | 92 | 100.0 |
Yes | 1 | 25.0 | 3 | 75.0 | 4 | 100.0 |
Total | 10 | 86 | 96 |