Fig. 4

Detection of parasite-specific, IgM- and IgG-producing B cells. Parasite-specific IgM response (a). Parasite-specific IgG response (b). Data are represented as the mean number of sporozoite-specific spots per 10⁵ B cells (triplicate wells). Time points tested: pre-immune, post 3 (i.e., pre-challenge), post challenge (4 weeks after controlled malaria infection). BSA-coated (BSA) wells demonstrate non-specific binding of antibodies to the plate. Fill of bars indicates donors (n = 2)