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Table 2 Prevalence of P. falciparum in blood donors by diagnostic technique

From: Evaluating 18s-rRNA LAMP and selective whole genome amplification (sWGA) assay in detecting asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in blood donors

Technique

Overall (n = 771)

Ada East (n = 149)

Ashaiman (n = 164)

Ayawaso (n = 155)

Ga South (n = 140)

Ga West (n = 163)

x2 (p value)

Microscopy

59.0 (< 0.01)

 Positive

57 (7.4%)

16 (10.7%)

10 (6.1%)

6 (3.9%)

13 (9.3%)

12 (7.4%)

 

 Negative

714 (92.6%)

133 (89.3%)

154 (93.9%)

149 (96.1%)

127 (90.7%)

151 (92.6%)

 

Rapid diagnostic test

 Total RDT+

91 (11.8%)

24 (16.1%)

14 (8.5%)

6 (3.9%)

27 (19.3%)

20 (12.3%)

20.0 (< 0.01)

 PfHRP2+/pLDH+

36 (39.6%)a

9 (37.5%)a

7 (50.0%)a

2 (33.3%)a

10 (37.0%)a

8 (40.0%)a

 

 PfHRP2+/pLDH−

52 (57.1%)a

13 (51.2%)a

7 (50.0%)a

4 (66.7%)a

17 (63.0%)a

11 (55.0%)a

 

 PfHRP2−/pLDH+

3 (3.3%)a

2 (8.3%)a

0 (0.0%)a

0 (0.0%)a

0 (0.0%)a

1 (5.0%)a

 

Molecular assays

 crDNA-LAMP

0.71 (0.399)

  Positive

130 (16.9%)

36 (24.2%)

23 (14.0%)

16 (10.3%)

28 (20.0%)

27 (16.6%)

 

  Negative

641 (84.1%)

113 (78.5%)

141 (86.0%)

139 (89.7%)

112 (80.0%)

136 (83.4%)

 

 pDNA-LAMP

0.14 (0.707)

  Positive

135 (17.5%)

38 (25.5%)

23 (14.0%)

16 (10.3%)

30 (21.4%)

28 (17.2%)

 

  Negative

636 (82.5%)

111 (74.5%)

141 (86.0%)

139 (89.7%)

110 (78.6%)

135 (82.8%)

 

 sWGA

  Positive

139 (18.0%)

37 (24.8%)

23 (14.0%)

17 (11.0%)

31 (22.1%)

31 (19.0%)

 

  Negative

632 (82.0%)

112 (75.2%)

141 (86.0%)

138 (89.0%)

109 (77.9%)

132 (81.0%)

 

Sub-microscopic donor parasitaemia

 Rapid diagnostic test

34 (4.4%)

8 (5.4%)

4 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

14 (10.0%)

8 (4.9%)

31.70 (< 0.01)

 crDNA-LAMP

73 (9.5%)

20 (13.4%)

13 (7.9%)

10 (6.4%)

15 (10.7%)

15 (9.2%)

1.12 (0.290)

 pDNA-LAMP

78 (10.1%)

22 (14.7%)

13 (7.9%)

10 (6.4%)

17 (12.1%)

16 (9.8%)

0.22 (0.638)

 sWGA

82 (10.6%)

21 (14.1%)

13 (7.9%)

11 (7.0%)

18 (12.8%)

19 (11.6%)

 
  1. RDT rapid diagnostic test, PfHRP2 Plasmodium falciparum specific histidine rich protein 2, pLDH Plasmodium specific lactate dehydrogenase, PfHRP2+/pLDH+ both HRP2 and pLDH detected in donor blood, PfHRP2+/pLDH− HRP2 but not pLDH detected in donor blood, PfHRP2−/pLDH+ LDH but not HRP2 detected in donor blood (HRP2 gene deletion), crDNA crude DNA extract, pDNA purified DNA extract, sWGA selective whole genome amplification
  2. aPercentages calculated from the total number of donors tested positive by the RDT
  3. x2 is Chi square goodness of fit test statistic. Significance level was determined at p < 0.05