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Table 1 Demographic characteristics and factors associated with P. falciparum transmission in Sabang, Indonesia, 2013

From: Analysis of serological data to investigate heterogeneity of malaria transmission: a community-based cross-sectional study in an area conducting elimination in Indonesia

Variable (n = 1624)

Total

P. falciparum seropositive

Bivariate

Multivariable

N (%)

n

% (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Age (years)

 < 15 years old

656 (40.39)

8

1.2 (0.6–2.4)

1

1

 24 years old

270 (16.63)

19

7.0 (4.5–10.8)

6.13 (2.65–14.17)**

5.69 (2.43–13.37)**

 25–40 years old

347 (21.37)

45

13.0 (9.8–16.9)

12.07 (5.63–25.88)**

12.05 (5.59–25.94)**

 > 40 years old

351 (21.61)

40

11.4 (8.5–15.2)

10.4 2 (4.83–22.48)**

10.27 (4.74–22.27)**

Gender

 Female

984 (60.55)

71

7.2 (5.8–9.0)

1

 

 Male

641 (39.45)

41

6.4 (4.7–8.6)

0.88 (0.59–1.31)

 

P. vivax seropositive

 No

1592 (98.03)

104

6.5 (5.4–7.9)

1

1

 Yes

32 (1.97)

8

25.0 (12.9–42.9)

4.77 (2.09–10.88)**

3.47 (1.48–8.12)**

Residence

 Sukakarya

603 (37.13)

40

6.6 (4.9–8.9)

1

 

 Sukajaya

1021 (62.87)

72

7.1 (5.6–8.8)

1.07 (0.72–1.59)

 

Education

 None

3 (0.34)

0

0

1

 

 Primary education

764 (86.33)

85

10.9 (8.9–13.2)

0.98 (0.53–1.83)

 

 Higher education

118 (13.33)

13

11.0 (6.5–18.1)

1

 

Employment

 Unemployed

516 (57.33)

58

11.2 (8.8–14.3)

1

 

 Non-office-based job

215 (23.89)

27

12.6 (8.7–17.7)

1.13 (0.70–1.85)

 

 Office-based job

105 (11.67)

9

8.6 (4.5–15.7)

0.74 (0.35–1.55)

 

 Student

64 (7.11)

5

7.8 (3.3–17.6)

0.67 (0.26–1.74)

 

LLIN use

 No

1098 (68.28)

63

5.7 (4.5–7.3)

1

1

 Yes

510 (31.72)

48

9.4 (7.2–12.3)

1.71 (1.16–2.52)**

1.80 (1.20–2.72)**

IRS last 12 months

 No

1376 (84.83)

93

6.8 (5.6–8.2)

1

 

 Yes

246 (15.17)

19

7.7 (5.0–11.8)

1.15 (0.69–1.93)

 

Fever

 No

1483 (91.26)

102

6.9 (5.7–8.3)

1

 

 Yes

142 (8.74)

10

7.0 (3.8–12.6)

1.03 (0.52–2.01)

 

Altitude (m)

 < 120

716 (50.46)

50

7.0 (5.3–9.1)

1

 

 > 120

703 (49.54)

44

6.3 (4.7–8.3)

0.89 (0.99–1.00)

 
  1. * p value < 0.05, ** p value < 0.01. Individual level data: age, gender, education status, employment status and fever. Household level data: LLIN use, IRS in last 12 months and altitude