| Study village/sampling site | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balayani | Foulaya | Tindo | Larvae | |||||||||
RS | RR | SS | RS | RR | SS | RS | RR | SS | RS | RR | SS | |
Permethrin 1× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
 Dead | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
Permethrin 2× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 2 | 22 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
 Dead | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Permethrin 5× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 6 |
Permethrin 10× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Deltamethrin 1× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
 Dead | 0 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Deltamethrin 2× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Deltamethrin 5× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Deltamethrin 10× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 1× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 2× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 5× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 10× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bendiocarb 1× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 3 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bendiocarb 2× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 1 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bendiocarb 5× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bendiocarb 10× | ||||||||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Dead | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 | Study village/sampling site | N1575Y allele frequency | χ2 test | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | |||||||
RS | RR | SS | R | S | |||
Permethrin 1× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 10 | 39 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 49 | < 0.00001 |
 Dead | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 9 | 0.0027 |
Permethrin 2× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 6 | 50 | 0.11 | 0.89 | 56 | < 0.00001 |
 Dead | 0 | 3 | 18 | 0.14 | 0.86 | 21 | < 0.00001 |
Permethrin 5× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.157299 |
 Dead | 0 | 9 | 32 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 41 | < 0.00001 |
Permethrin 10× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 6 | 16 | 0.27 | 0.73 | 22 | < 0.00001 |
Deltamethrin 1× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 5 | 10 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 15 | 0.00108 |
 Dead | 0 | 9 | 34 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 43 | < 0.00001 |
Deltamethrin 2× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 5 | 19 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 24 | < 0.00001 |
Deltamethrin 5× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 5 | 19 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 24 | < 0.00001 |
Deltamethrin 10× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 6 | 18 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 23 | < 0.00001 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 1× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 6 | 18 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 23 | < 0.00001 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 2× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 1 | 5 | 18 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 18.6729 | 0.000016 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 5× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 4 | 19 | 0.17 | 0.83 | 23 | < 0.00001 |
Alpha-cypermethrin 10× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
 Dead | 1 | 3 | 20 | 0.15 | 0.85 | 16.6434 | 0.000045 |
Bendiocarb 1× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 6 |  |
 Dead | 0 | 6 | 27 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 33 |  |
Bendiocarb 2× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 4 |  |
 Dead | 1 | 6 | 26 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 29.9806 | < 0.00001 |
Bendiocarb 5× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | – | – |
 Dead | 1 | 4 | 27 | 0.14 | 0.86 | 24.2602 | < 0.00001 |
Bendiocarb 10× | |||||||
 Alive | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – |
 Dead | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 1 | – | – |