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Table 6 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression estimates of the socio-demographic predictors of appropriate dispensing practices of dispensers

From: Dispensing practices for anti-malarials in the La Nkwantanang-Madina municipality, Greater Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Crude OR (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p-value

Age group

 15–24 (reference)

1

 

1

–

 25–34

0.80 (0.24–2.72)

0.714

1.97 (0.31–12.61)

0.465

 35–44

0.63 (0.17–2.32)

0.482

7.76 (0.89–67.37)

0.063

 > 45

2.82 (0.53–15.10)

0.218

15.23 (25.91–5893.9)

0.001*

Sex

 Male (reference)

1

   

 Female

1.08 (0.57–2.07)

0.80

0.95 (0.35–2.64)

0.927

Educational level

 None (reference)

1

 

1

–

 Primary

1 (omitted)

–

1 (omitted)

–

 Secondary

7.83e−7

–

8.5e−7 (4.3e−8–1.7e−5)

0.001*

 Tertiary

7.03e−7

–

9.2e−7 (5.4e−8–1.6e−5)

0.001*

 Vocational/technical

3.36e−7

–

5.8e−6 (1.22e−7–3e−4)

0.001*

Professional category

 Pharmacist (reference)

1

 

1

–

 MCA

1.03 (0.33–3.22)

0.952

1.64 (0.43–6.25)

0.461

 Pharm. Technician

3.21 (0.42–24.71)

0.255

1.90 (0.39–9.33)

0.421

 Pharm. Intern

3.93 (0.53–29.08)

0.176

18.5 (1.40–245.6)

0.03*

 Other

1.61 (0.54–4.75)

0.383

4.91 (0.40–60.40)

0.208

Marital status

 Single

1

–

1

–

 Married

0.49 (0.25–0.99)

0.047*

0.20 (0.040–1.01)

0.051

NHIS status

 Have NHIS (reference)

1

 

1

 

 Don’t have NHIS

0.52 (0.27–0.99)

0.050*

0.41 (0.12–1.07)

0.067

Access to wall chart

   

 Yes

1

–

  

 No

2.30 (0.85–6.23)

0.10

3.32 (0.85–13.00)

0.082

Experience

   

 < 2 years (reference)

1

–

  

 3–5 years

0.53 (0.19–1.49)

0.219

0.47 (0.09–2.36)

0.348

 6–9 years

0.53 (0.15–1.92)

0.328

0.25 (0.026–2.50)

0.209

 > 10 years

0.43 (0.10–1.75)

0.231

0.04 (0.002–0.802)

0.036*

Awareness of guidelines

 Aware (reference)

1

   

 Unaware

0.37 (0.15–0.86)

0.022*

0.45 (0.16–1.24)

0.122

Access to reference material

 Yes

1

–

  

 No

2.30 (1.14–4.63)

0.020*

2.10 (0.61–7.20)

0.240

Supervisory visits

 Once

1

–

1

 

 Twice

2.42 (1.15–5.06)

0.020*

1.35 (0.38–4.84)

0.636

 Three times

0.73 (0.25–2.08)

0.543

0.51 (0.12–2.14)

0.345

 > Three

1 (omitted)

–

1 (omitted)

–

 Can’t remember

1.16 (0.55–2.50)

0.688

1 (omitted)

–

Recommender

 Dispenser

1

–

1

–

 Relative

3.00 (1.18–7.68)

0.022*

7.40 (1.03–53.41)

0.047*

 Friend

1 (omitted)

–

1 (omitted)

–

 Self

0.50 (0.25–0.99)

0.046*

0.20 (0.07–0.53)

0.002*

 Media

1 (omitted)

–

1 (omitted)

 

 Unspecified

1.79 (0.66–4.85)

0.248

3.22 (0.78–13.35)

0.104

  1. Statistically significant associations are marked with *
  2. OR odds ratio