Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infection, maternal anaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Papua New Guinea: a cohort study

Table 4 Association of Plasmodium falciparum infection at antenatal enrolment and at delivery and anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g/L) at delivery

Infection status	% (N/N total)	Adjusted odds ratio^a	95% confidence interval	P
P. falciparum infection at enrolment (n = 1832)
No infection	73.9 (1218/1649)
Submicroscopic infection	69.2 (63/91)	0.78	(0.49, 1.24)	0.29
Microscopic infection	85.9 (79/92)	2.00	(1.09, 3.67)	0.025
P. falciparum infection at delivery (peripheral blood) (n = 1756)
No infection	74.2 (1261/1700)
Submicroscopic infection	79.2 (19/24)	1.15	(0.42, 3.16)	0.79
Microscopic infection	78.1 (25/32)	1.15	(0.49, 2.72)	0.75
P. falciparum infection at delivery (placental blood) (n = 1174)
No infection	71.7 (815/1137)
Submicroscopic infection	71.4 (10/14)	0.87	(0.27, 2.81)	0.81
Microscopic infection	78.3 (18/23)	1.28	(0.47, 3.53)	0.63

^a Adjusted for treatment arm, gravidity, betel nut consumption, number of study visits, enrolment clinic, bed net use, nutritional status, stunting, socio-economic status and timing of haemoglobin measurement

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