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Table 4 Association between placental malaria detected by histology and the risk of malaria in infancy stratified by outcome

From: Impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy on the risk of malaria in infants: a systematic review

Country, year of publication (ref)

Placental malaria exposure group (n)

Measure of association (95% CI), p-value

Confounders adjusted for

Clinical malaria

 Boudova, 2017 [40]

Unexposed (184)

Reference

Maternal age, gestation age at delivery, IPTp arm

Exposed (67)

OR = 3.9 (1.2–13.0), p = 0.03

 Boudova, 2017 [40]

Unexposed (184)

Reference

Unadjusted

Exposed (67)

IRR = 2.3 (1.1–4.8), p = NR

 Sylvester, 2016 [41]

Unexposed (165)

Reference

Gravity, season of birth, infant birth weight, maternal age

Exposed (41)

OR = 4.79 (2.21–10.38), p < 0.05

 Awine, 2016 [19]

Unexposed (484)

Reference

ITN use, gender, social economic status, living near an irrigated area, infant age, maternal baseline parasitaemia

Exposed (202)

IRR = 0.86 (0.54–1.37), p = 0.52

 Apinjoh, 2015 [36]

Unexposed (n = 237)

Reference

Not indicated

Exposed (n = 166)

OR = 0.72 (0.40–1.28), p = 0.26

 Bardaji, 2011 [16]

Unexposed (424)

Reference

Residence near the lake, birth season

Past infection (321)

OR = 3.06 (1.94–4.82), p < 0.001

Acute infection (42)

OR = 4.63 (2.10–10.24), p < 0.001

Chronic infection (82)

OR = 3.95 (2.07–10.24), p < 0.001

Prevalence of parasitaemia

 Boudova, 2017 [40]

Unexposed (184)

Reference

Maternal age, gestation age at delivery, IPTp arm

Exposed (67)

OR = 2.5 (1.0–6.3), p = 0.06

  1. CI confidence interval, IPTp intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy, IRR, incident rate ratio, ITN insecticide treated net, NR not reported, OR odds ratio