Fig. 4

Nucleotide diversity and natural selection of DIs of global PfAMA-1 sequences. a Nucleotide diversity. Sliding window plot analysis shows the nucleotide diversity (π) value across DIs of other global PfAMA-1 sequences. A window size of 100 bp and a step size of 5 bp were used. b Natural selection. Sliding window calculation of Tajima’s D statistic was performed for global PfAMA-1 genes. A window size of 100 and a step size of 5 were used. Bioko Island, jasper; Benin, light blue; Gambia, pink; Ghana, green; Kenya, deep blue; Nigeria, yellow; Solomon, purple; Tanzania, gray; Thailand, orange; Venezuela, red