Fig. 3

Illustration of the experimental setup to evaluate, protective efficacy of: push component only, i.e. all huts except non-user have transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons (a), and pull component only, i.e. all huts except non-user have Mosclean traps (b), push–pull mosaic, where the transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons, i.e. push, and Mosclean traps, i.e. pull are in different huts (c, d), and standard push–pull system, where both eave ribbons and traps are in the same hut (e). Each night, adult consenting volunteers caught mosquitoes attempting to bite them outdoors from 6 to 10 p.m., then moved indoors under bed nets, beside which CDC-light traps caught mosquitoes from 10 to 6 a.m.