|
Kharthik et al. [61]
|
Brine shrimp lethality assay
|
No toxicity up to 8 mg/kg/bw
|
|
Histological analysis
|
Tissue damages were reported at doses 12, 16 and 20 mg/kg/bw
|
|
Search for any signs of toxicity
|
Deaths, behavioural changes, changes in physical appearance observed at doses 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg/kg/bw
|
|
Mishra et al. [49]
|
Haemolysis assay
|
No signs of haemolysis up to 40 µg/mL (MHC10 > 40 µg/mL)
|
|
Rajakumar et al. [51]
|
MTT assay using Hep-G2 cell line
|
Cellular toxicity (necrosis and cytopathic effects) of 8.5%, 24%, 48%, 65% and 76.5% at doses 1, 10, 100, 250 and 500 µg/mL respectively (more toxic than Pd (OAc)2 and plant extract)
|
|
Jaganathan et al. [62]
|
MTT assay using Hep-G2 cell line
|
Viability of Hep-G2 cells decreased when tested doses of NPs increased (IC50 = 25.96 µg/mL)
|
|
Apoptosis assay
|
NPs induced apoptosis which increased significantly from 1.6 to 7.8% at doses 1.88 µg/mL and 30 µg/mL respectively
|
|
Dutta et al. [57]
|
MTT assay using HeLa and L6 lines
|
Insignificant toxicity against the both cell lines (IC50 > 200 µg/mL and > 250 µg/mL)
|
|
Gandhi et al. [59]
|
Non-target organism assay
|
NPs did not exhibit any noticeable toxicity on Poecilia reticulata after 24 h of exposure
|
|
Rotimi et al. [60]
|
Keusch et al. assay using HeLa lines
|
NPs were not toxic (% cell viability 89.66% ± 1.55%)
|
