Table 1 Primer pairs used to amplify and sequence Pfcrt and Pfmdr1

P. falciparum Genus

P. falciparum

rPLU1

TCAAAGATTAAGCCATGCAAGTGA

25 cycles of 94 °C/1 min, 58 °C/1 min, and 72 °C/2 min

30 cycles of 94 °C/1 min, 58 °C/1 min, and 72 °C/2 min

rPLU5

rFAL1

rFAL2

CCTGTTGTTGCCTTAAACTTC

TTAAACTGGTTTGGGAAAACCAAATATATT

ACACAATGAACTCAATCATGACTACCCGTC

Pfcrt SNPs

Codon

72 and 76

OF P1

5′-GACGAGCGTTATAGAGAATTA-3′

35 cycles of 94 °C/30 s; 56 °C/30 s; and 62 °C/1 min

OR P2

5′-CCAGTAGTTCTTGTAAGACC-3′

NF P3

5′-GGCTCACGTTTAGGTGGA-3′

30 cycles of 94 °C/30 s; 56 °C/30 s; and 65 °C/1 min

NR P4

5′-TGAATTTCCCTTTTTATTTCCAAA3′

Pfmdr1 SNPs

Codon

86 and 184

OF P5

5′-AGGTTGAAAAAGAGTTGAAC-3′

30 cycles of 94 °C/30 s; 55 °C/30 s; and 65 °C/1 min

OR P6

5′-ATGACACCACAAACATAAAT-3′

NF P7

5′-ACAAAAAGAGTACCGCTGAAT-3′

30 cycles of 94 °C/30 s; 60 °C/30 s; and 65 °C/1 min

NR P8

5′AAACGCAAGTAATACATAAAGTC3′

Pfmdr1 SNPs

Codon 1034

1042 & 1246

OF P9

5′-GTGTATTTGCTGTAAGAGCT-3′

34 cycles of 94 °C/30 s; 55 °C/60 s and 72 °C/1.5 min

OR P10

5′GACATATTAAATAACATGGGTTC

NF P11

5′CAGATGATGAAATGTTTAAAGATC

29 cycles of 94 °C/30 s; 60 °C/30 s; and 65 °C/1 min

NR P12

5′-TAAATAACATGGGTTCTTGACT