Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population according to disease severity
Characteristic | No. (%) of patients | P valuea | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 536) | Non severe malaria (n = 468) | Severe malaria (n = 68) | Unadjustedb | ||
Age, y | |||||
Median (range) | 37 (18–78) | 37 (18–78) | 39 (19–71) | 0.07 | 1.023 (1.002–1.045) |
Gender | |||||
Male | 368 (68.7) | 324 (69.2) | 44 (64.7) | 0.452 | 1 (Ref) |
Female | 168 (31.3) | 144 (30.8) | 24 (35.3) | 1.227 (0.719–2.095) | |
Origin | |||||
Endemic | 329 (61.4) | 292 (62.4) | 37 (54.4) | 0.207 | 1 (Ref) |
Non-endemic country | 207 (38.6) | 176 (37.6) | 31 (45.6) | 1.390 (0.833–2.321) | |
Previous malaria episodes | |||||
History of ≥ 1 previous malaria episodes | 163 (30.4) | 153 (32.7) | 10 (14.7) | 0.003 | 1 (Ref) |
No history of previous malaria | 373 (69.6) | 315 (67.3) | 58 (85.3) | 2.817 (1.401–5.665) | |
Use of chemoprophylaxis | |||||
Regular use | 15 (2.8) | 14 (3.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0.437 | 1 (Ref) |
Irregular/lack of use | 426 (79.5) | 368 (78.6) | 58 (85.3) | 2.207 (0.285–17.11) | |
Missing | 95 (17.7) | 86 (18.4) | 9 (13.2) | ||
Season | |||||
Fall | 116 (21.6) | 103 (22.0) | 13 (19.1) | 0.450 | 1 (Ref) |
Winter | 117 (21.8) | 100 (21.4) | 17 (25.0) | 1.35 (0.66–2.92) | |
WHO region | |||||
African region | 508 (94.8) | 446 (95.3) | 62 (91.2) | 0.153 | 1 (Ref) |
Southeast Asian region | 16 (3.0) | 10 (2.1) | 6 (8.8%) | 0.003 | 4.37 (1.53–12.43) |
Region of the Americas | 4 (0.7) | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
European region | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
Eastern Mediterranean region | 4 (0.7) | 4 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
Missing | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
Reason of travel | |||||
Occupational | 92 (17.2) | 84 (18.0) | 8 (11.8) | 0.206 | 1 (Ref) |
Visiting friends and relatives | 131 (24.4) | 114 (24.4) | 17 (25.0) | 0.91 | 1.566 (0.645–3.800) |
Tourism | 86 (16.0) | 66 (14.1) | 20 (29.4) | 0.001 | 3.182 (1.318–7.681) |
Refugee | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | – | – | |
Missing | 225 (42.0) | 202 (43.2) | 23 (33.8) | ||
Patient delay, d | |||||
Median (range) | 4 (0–68) | 4 (0–68) | 5 (0–11) | 0.816 | 1.00 (0.96–1.06) |
0–1 | 26 (4.7) | 24 (5.0) | 2 (2.4) | 0.2919 | 1 (Ref) |
2–3 | 194 (34.8) | 169 (35.6) | 25 (30.1) | 0.3353 | 1.78 (0.40–7.98) |
≥ 4 | 255 (45.7) | 206 (43.4) | 49 (59.0) | 0.0082 | 2.85 (0.65–12.49) |
Missing | 83 (14.9) | 76 (16.0) | 7 (8.4) | – | – |
Pregnancy | |||||
No (%) of women | 11 (6.6) | 10 (6.9) | 1 (4.2) | 0.631 | 0.60 (0.073–4.905) |