Fig. 1

Differences in IgG levels against apical membrane protein-1 (AMA-1) and merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1₄₂) between 2010 and 2013 in each of the age groups (a) and stratifying by P. falciparum infection detected by qPCR (b). Box plots representing the median and interquartile range of IgG levels (log₁₀ OD) measured by ELISA. a Shows an increase of IgGs to both antigens along age groups within each cross-sectional (p trend < 0.001in all four cases). In (a) and (b) levels between years were compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test (adjusted p-values for multiple testing by the Holm approach < 0.05 are shown)