Antibody responses within two leading Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate antigens in three geographically diverse malaria-endemic regions of India

Table 4 Factors associated with seropositivity to PvAMA-1

Factors	Seropositive, n/N (%)	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Factors	Seropositive, n/N (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Male	58/146 (39.73)	Ref.	0.726	^a
Female	37/88 (42.05)	0.91 (0.53–1.55)	0.726	^a
Age
< 15	10/45 (22.22)	Ref.	0.007	Ref.	0.001
≥ 15	85/189 (44.97)	2.86 (1.34–6.11)	0.007	4.12 (1.76–10.11)	0.001
PCR
Positive	75/114 (65.79)	Ref.	< 0.001	Ref.	< 0.001
Negative	20/120 (16.67)	9.61 (5.19–17.81)	< 0.001	13.02 (6.52–25.50)	< 0.001
Malaria cases
Asymptomatic	69/80 (72.63)	Ref.	0.119	^a
Symptomatic	26/34 (27.37)	1.64 (0.88–3.04)	0.119	^a
Parasite count
Low	52/70 (74.29)	Ref.	0.945	^a
High	18/24 (75.00)	1.04 (0.36–3.02)	0.945	^a
Fever within last 2 week
No	55/170 (32.35)	Ref.	< 0.001	^a
Yes	38/59 (64.41)	3.78 (2.03–7.05)	< 0.001	^a
Fever suppressant
No	47/132 (35.61)	Ref.	0.078	^a
Yes	48/102 (47.06)	1.61 (0.95–2.72)	0.078	^a
Taken anti-malarial drug
No	90/224 (40.18)	Ref.	0.580	^a
Yes	4/8 (50.00)	1.48 (0.36–6.11)	0.580	^a
Malaria in last 12 months
No	74/193 (38.34)	Ref.	0.130	^a
Yes	21/41 (51.22)	1.69 (0.85–3.32)	0.130	^a
Study sites
Rourkela	21/76 (27.63)	Ref.		^a
Chennai	31/66 (46.97)	2.31 (1.15–4.65)	0.018
Nadiad	43/92 (46.74)	2.30 (1.20–4.39)	0.012

ISSN: 1475-2875