Antibody responses within two leading Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate antigens in three geographically diverse malaria-endemic regions of India

Table 5 Factors associated with seropositivity to PvMSP-1₁₉

Factors	Seropositive, n/N (%)	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Factors	Seropositive, n/N (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Male	88/146 (60.27)	Ref.	0.389	^a
Female	58/88 (65.91)	0.78 (0.45–1.36)	0.389	^a
Age
< 15	21/45 (46.67)	Ref.	0.017	Ref.	0.011
≥ 15	125/189 (66.14)	2.23 (1.15–4.31)	0.017	2.70 (1.25–5.85)	0.011
PCR
Positive	88/114 (60.27)	Ref.	0.000	Ref.	0.006
Negative	58/120 (39.73)	3.62 (2.05–6.37)	0.000	2.44 (1.29–4.63)	0.006
Malaria cases
Asymptomatic	61/80 (76.2)	Ref.	0.713	^a	–
Symptomatic	27/34 (79.4)	1.20 (0.45–3.19)	0.713	^a	–
Parasite count
Low	58/70 (82.86)	Ref.	0.686
High	19/24 (79.17)	0.79 (0.24–2.52)	0.686
Fever within last 2 week
No	89/170 (52.35)	Ref.	0.000	Ref.	< 0.001
Yes	53/59 (89.83)	8.04 (3.28–19.70)	0.000	5.70 (2.19–14.84)	< 0.001
Fever suppressant
No	71/132 (53.79)	Ref.	0.002	^a	–
Yes	75/102 (73.53)	2.39 (1.37–4.17)	0.002	^a	–
Taken anti-malarial drug
No	136/224 (60.71)	NA	–	^a	–
Yes	8/8 (100)	NA	–	^a	–
Malaria in last 12 months
No	113/193 (58.55)	Ref.	0.011	Ref.	0.005
Yes	33/41 (80.49)	2.92 (1.28–6.65)	0.011	3.65 (1.48–9.03)	0.005
Study sites
Rourkela	44/76 (57.89)	Ref.		^a	–
Chennai	53/66 (80.30)	2.96 (1.39–6.33)	0.018
Nadiad	49/92 (53.26)	0.83 (0.45–1.53)	0.012

ISSN: 1475-2875