Fig. 4

Self-marking units in the field with exit traps to measure exiting rates of mosquitoes from natural breeding sites and sites were the numbers of pupae were manipulated. Top left: self-marking UNIT with tarpaulin skirt extension to cover a ditch where Anopheles larvae were found. Right: five basic self-marking units containing the five pigments used in the study (pink, orange, yellow, green and blue). Bottom left: pupae collection with dippers. Larval dippers were first used to identify productive breeding sites and then to collect pupae to be placed under the self-marking devices