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Table 3 Risk for recurrence within 28 days after hospital discharge

From: Intravenous artesunate plus oral dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine or intravenous quinine plus oral quinine for optimum treatment of severe malaria: lesson learnt from a field hospital in Timika, Papua, Indonesia

Risk factors

Recurrence within 28 days, % (n of events/total cases)

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

HR (95% CI)

p

AHR (95% CI)

p

Age group

 ≥ 15 years old

2.3 (118/5158)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 0–< 1 year old

9.6 (65/677)

4.31 (3.19–5.84)

< 0.0001

3.97 (2.81–5.59)

< 0.0001

 1–< 5 years old

6.6 (184/2786)

2.96 (2.35–3.73)

< 0.0001

2.99 (2.32–3.86)

< 0.0001

 5–< 15 years old

2.7 (51/1893)

1.18 (0.95–1.65)

0.311

1.18 (0.83–1.68)

0.364

Sex

 Male

3.6 (188/5266)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Female

4.4 (230/5248)

1.23 (1.02–1.49)

0.034

1.21 (0.98–1.48)

0.073

Pregnancy status

 Non pregnant

4.0 (407/10,109)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Pregnant

2.7 (11/405)

0.68 (0.37–1.23)

0.200

0.88 (0.46–1.70)

0.705

Ethnic groups

 Non Papuan

1.2 (16/1358)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Lowland Papuan

2.9 (27/942)

2.44 (1.31–4.53)

0.005

1.64 (0.85–3.16)

0.142

 Highland Papuan

4.6 (375/8201)

3.96 (2.39–6.52)

< 0.0001

2.70 (1.57–4.66)

< 0.0001

Nutritional status

 Malnutrition

0.0 (0/76)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Normal

4.0 (418/10,438)

20.28 (0.10–3994.69.25)

0.169

–

–

Species of Infections

 P. falciparum

3.6 (247/6915)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 P. vivax

4.9 (88/1789)

1.39 (1.09–1.77)

0.007

1.11 (0.85–1.46)

0.446

 Mixed infections

4.7 (81/1729)

1.32 (1.03–1.69)

0.029

1.16 (0.88–1.52)

0.301

 P. malariae

2.5 (2/79)

0.71 (0.18–2.86)

0.633

0.92 (0.23–3.71)

0.907

 P. ovale

0 (0/2)

–

–

–

–

Anaemia (g/dl)

 Hb ≥ 5

3.6 (283/7759)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Hb < 5

5.1 (90/1771)

1.42 (1.12–1.79)

0.094

0.90 (0.70–1.15)

0.403

Intravenous anti-malarials

 Intravenous artesunate and DHP

3.2 (249/7755)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Intravenous and oral quinine

6.1 (169/2759)

1.91 (1.57–2.33)

< 0.0001

1.94 (1.57–2.39)

< 0.0001

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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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